Uvea 2
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Questions and Answers

What are the four layers of the iris, as described in the text?

  • Superficial layer, Smooth muscle layer, Squamous epithelium layer, Basal layer
  • Anterior border layer, Stroma and sphincter muscle, Anterior epithelium and dilator muscle, Posterior epithelium (correct)
  • Anterior border layer, Stroma and smooth muscle, Anterior epithelium and circular muscle, Posterior epithelium
  • External layer, Circular muscle layer, Dilator muscle layer, Internal layer
  • Which structure in the eye acts as a diaphragm to regulate the amount of light entering?

  • Cornea
  • Retina
  • Iris (correct)
  • Lens
  • What is the primary function of the ciliary body?

  • Control of eye movements
  • Production and secretion of tears
  • Regulation of intraocular pressure
  • Production and secretion of aqueous humor (correct)
  • What muscle in the eye is responsible for pupil constriction?

    <p>Sphincter muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fibers are responsible for attaching the ciliary muscles to the trabecular meshwork in the eye?

    <p>Zonule fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Haller's layer within the choroid?

    <p>Blood supply to the ciliary body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ciliary muscle contraction impact the lens during accommodation?

    <p>It thickens and increases the curvature of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the functions of Bruch's membrane in the eye?

    <p>Supports and nourishes the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a reduction in diameter of the ring formed by the ciliary body?

    <p>Relaxation of circular muscle fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant factor in aqueous humor production according to the text?

    <p>Fenestrated capillaries in ciliary processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the passive flow of blood plasma from the capillaries into the ciliary stroma?

    <p>Ultrafiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of aqueous humor production, what is the main function of active secretion?

    <p>To transport molecules across the membrane in an energy-utilizing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme in the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium is responsible for pumping Na+ using ATP in the process of aqueous humor production?

    <p>Na/K ATPase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ultrafiltration differ from diffusion in terms of movement across a membrane?

    <p>Ultrafiltration involves active transport, while diffusion is passive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is similar to dialysis but involves a hydrostatic pressure to increase the rate of movement across a membrane?

    <p>Ultrafiltration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of aqueous humor production is attributed to active secretion?

    <p>80-90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movements must substances undergo to become aqueous humor?

    <p>Diffusion and active secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Nonpigmented ciliary epithelium has two enzymes that catalyze reactions essential for aqueous formation' - What are these enzymes called?

    <p>'Na/K ATPase'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Ultrafiltration.This process is similar to dialysis, but with the addition of a hydrostatic pressure that increases the rate of net movement of water and salt molecules across the semipermeable membrane.' - What is unique about ultrafiltration compared to dialysis?

    <p>'It includes a hydrostatic pressure component'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ciliary body aqueous humor?

    <p>Maintains pressure and shape of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the aqueous humor have 200 times less protein than plasma?

    <p>To prevent light scatter and ensure maximum light transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of the tight barrier formed by the NPE in the ciliary body?

    <p>Proteins pass easily out of ciliary vessels fenestrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does the AH production decrease by 50% during the night according to the text?

    <p>AH production follows a circadian rhythm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure provides nutrients to the outer retina according to the text?

    <p>Choroid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common age-related change in the ciliary body, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Loss of accommodation ability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the long posterior ciliary arteries according to the text?

    <p>Supply iris and ciliary body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes pigmentation dispersion syndrome according to the text?

    <p>Excessive membrane basement deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a clinical application of Thyndall phenomenon as described in the text?

    <p>'Beam of light' phenomenon in the anterior chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes persistent pupillary membrane remnants (PPM) according to the text?

    <p>Thin iris root tear away from ciliary body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main enzyme responsible for catalyzing the reaction involving CO2 and H2O in the movement of Na+ into the posterior chamber?

    <p>Carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the indirect role of bicarbonate ions in the secretion into the posterior chamber?

    <p>Moderating Cl- flux</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is active secretion for aqueous humor production in the ciliary body achieved?

    <p>Requiring ATP and enzymes like Na/K ATPase and carbonic anhydrase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion primarily drives secretion into the posterior chamber?

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the proposed role of carbonic anhydrase in ion transport across the ciliary epithelium?

    <p>To catalyze important reactions involving CO2 and H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used in glaucoma therapy decrease aqueous secretion?

    <p>They decrease bicarbonate production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has an indirect role in aqueous production by moderating Cl- flux?

    <p>$HCO_3^-$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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