Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts?
Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream without the use of ducts?
- Mixed glands
- Endocrine glands (correct)
- Exocrine glands
- Uni-cellular glands
Which gland is classified as a mixed gland because it has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
Which gland is classified as a mixed gland because it has both exocrine and endocrine functions?
- Mammary gland
- Pancreas (correct)
- Thyroid gland
- Salivary gland
What is the main characteristic of merocrine glands during secretion?
What is the main characteristic of merocrine glands during secretion?
- They change the structural integrity of the secretory cells.
- They detach parts of the secretory cells along with the secretion.
- They expel the entire cell with the secretion.
- They release their secretion via exocytosis without cellular change. (correct)
Which gland type is characterized as a compound structure and can be found in the kidney, testis, and liver?
Which gland type is characterized as a compound structure and can be found in the kidney, testis, and liver?
Which type of gland is responsible for the secretion of milk and features the apocrine mode of secretion?
Which type of gland is responsible for the secretion of milk and features the apocrine mode of secretion?
Which type of secretion is characterized by glands that produce a lipid-based secretion like sebum?
Which type of secretion is characterized by glands that produce a lipid-based secretion like sebum?
What type of gland is classified as a simple branched acinar gland?
What type of gland is classified as a simple branched acinar gland?
Which type of epithelial polarity is associated with structure-enhancing functions, such as cilia and microvilli?
Which type of epithelial polarity is associated with structure-enhancing functions, such as cilia and microvilli?
Goblet cells are examples of which type of gland based on the number of cells?
Goblet cells are examples of which type of gland based on the number of cells?
What type of secretion includes both mucous and serous characteristics?
What type of secretion includes both mucous and serous characteristics?
What type of junction forms a belt-like structure surrounding epithelial cells and is located near the tight junction?
What type of junction forms a belt-like structure surrounding epithelial cells and is located near the tight junction?
Which structure is not a shape classification for exocrine glands?
Which structure is not a shape classification for exocrine glands?
Which type of tubulo acinar gland is not present in the human body?
Which type of tubulo acinar gland is not present in the human body?
What inter-cellular structure prevents the passage of intra-luminal substances between epithelial cells?
What inter-cellular structure prevents the passage of intra-luminal substances between epithelial cells?
Kinocilium is classified as a true cilium that is:
Kinocilium is classified as a true cilium that is:
Which type of epithelial cells’ lateral surfaces include tight junctions that fuse cell membranes multiple times?
Which type of epithelial cells’ lateral surfaces include tight junctions that fuse cell membranes multiple times?
What is the primary role of desmosomes in epithelial cells?
What is the primary role of desmosomes in epithelial cells?
Which junctional complex is responsible for the passage of ions and nerve impulses?
Which junctional complex is responsible for the passage of ions and nerve impulses?
What structure is described as half of a desmosome and found at the basal surface of epithelial cells?
What structure is described as half of a desmosome and found at the basal surface of epithelial cells?
What is indicated by the term 'basal infoldings' in epithelial cells?
What is indicated by the term 'basal infoldings' in epithelial cells?
What is the possible function of the adhering substance rich in calcium found in the epithelial cells?
What is the possible function of the adhering substance rich in calcium found in the epithelial cells?
Which cells are primarily concerned with iodide transport for hormone synthesis?
Which cells are primarily concerned with iodide transport for hormone synthesis?
What type of junction is formed by thickened areas of cell membranes called plaques?
What type of junction is formed by thickened areas of cell membranes called plaques?
Which junctional complex is characterized by the presence of hydrophilic channels between two cells?
Which junctional complex is characterized by the presence of hydrophilic channels between two cells?
Flashcards
Endocrine Glands
Endocrine Glands
Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream.
Exocrine Glands
Exocrine Glands
Glands with ducts that carry secretions to target locations.
Merocrine Secretion
Merocrine Secretion
Secretion where the gland cell remains intact. Secretion is released by exocytosis.
Apocrine Secretion
Apocrine Secretion
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Holocrine Secretion
Holocrine Secretion
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Goblet Cell
Goblet Cell
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Serous Glands
Serous Glands
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Acinar Glands
Acinar Glands
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Simple Tubular Glands
Simple Tubular Glands
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Simple Branched Tubular Glands
Simple Branched Tubular Glands
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Simple Coiled Tubular Glands
Simple Coiled Tubular Glands
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Compound Tubular Glands
Compound Tubular Glands
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Tight Junctions
Tight Junctions
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Epithelial Polarity
Epithelial Polarity
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Apical Polarity
Apical Polarity
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Adherens Junctions
Adherens Junctions
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Macula adherens (desmosome)
Macula adherens (desmosome)
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Desmosome function
Desmosome function
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Gap junction
Gap junction
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Basal infoldings
Basal infoldings
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Basal infoldings' location
Basal infoldings' location
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Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosome
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Junctional complex
Junctional complex
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Cell membrane thickening
Cell membrane thickening
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Study Notes
Glandular Epithelium
- Glandular epithelium is specialized for secretion
- Glands are categorized in various ways
Classification by Duct Presence
- Endocrine glands: Ductless, secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream. Examples include thyroid, parathyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands.
- Exocrine glands: Have ducts that carry secretions to target sites. Examples include salivary glands, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
- Mixed glands: Possess both exocrine and endocrine components. Examples include pancreas, testes, and ovaries.
Classification by Cell Number
- Unicellular glands: Composed of a single cell, such as goblet cells found in respiratory and intestinal tracts.
- Multicellular glands: Composed of multiple cells, such as salivary glands.
Classification by Secretion Mode
- Merocrine glands: Secrete products by exocytosis, without loss of cellular components. Example: salivary glands.
- Apocrine glands: Secrete products with a portion of the cell, and part of the cell is shed. Example: mammary glands.
- Holocrine glands: Secrete products by the disintegration and rupture of the entire secretory cell. Example: sebaceous glands.
Classification by Secretion Type
- Various gland types are classified by specific secretions like: Serous (e.g., parotid gland), Mucous (e.g., goblet cells), Mucoserous (e.g., submandibular and sublingual glands), Fatty (e.g., sebaceous glands), Watery (e.g., sweat glands), Waxy (e.g., glands of the external ear). Cellular (e.g., testis and ovary).
Classification by Gland Shape and Branching
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Tubular glands: The secretory portion has a tubular shape.
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Simple tubular glands; example, intestinal glands.
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Simple branched tubular; example, gastric glands.
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Simple coiled tubular; example, sweat glands.
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Compound tubular; example, kidney, testis, liver.
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Acinar (or alveolar) glands: The secretory portion is sac-like (acinar).
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Simple acinar; example, sebaceous glands.
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Simple branched acinar; example, sebaceous glands.
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Compound acinar; example, sebaceous glands.
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Tubuloacinar glands: Combine both tubular and acinar structures
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Simple tubuloacinar: not present in the human body
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Compound tubuloacinar: Example: prostate, pancreas, and parotid glands.
Epithelial Polarity
- Epithelial cells exhibit polarity with distinct apical, lateral, and basal surfaces related to specialized functions.
- Apical polarity: The upper surface of some epithelial cells has structures like cilia, microvilli, stereocilia, and a kinocilium for specific functions.
Intercellular Junctions
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Tight junctions (zonula occludens): Closely fuse membranes, preventing substance passage.
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Adherens junctions (zonula adherens): Belts of proteins, ensuring mechanical strength.
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Desmosomes (macula adherens): Provide anchoring and stability to the cell via intermediate filaments.
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Gap junctions: Channels connecting cells to allow ion and small molecules to pass.
Basal Surface Polarity
- Basal infoldings: Increase surface area and house mitochondria for basal functions
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Description
Explore the various classifications of glandular epithelium, including endocrine, exocrine, and mixed glands. This quiz covers the unique features of unicellular and multicellular glands, as well as different secretion modes. Test your knowledge on these important components of human anatomy!
