tissue 2
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Questions and Answers

What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands in terms of how they release their secretions?

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts that empty at the surface of the covering and lining of the epithelium or directly onto a free surface, while endocrine glands are ductless; their secretory products (hormones) enter the extracellular fluid and diffuse into the blood.

What are the three types of exocrine glands and how do they release their secretions?

The three types of exocrine glands are merocrine, apocrine, and holocrine. Merocrine glands release their secretions via exocytosis, apocrine glands pinch off their apical surfaces along with their secretory vesicles, and holocrine gland cells lyse and are destroyed after accumulating their products within their cytoplasm.

What are the general characteristics of connective tissues?

Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body, does not occur on free surfaces like epithelia, is highly vascular (except for cartilage and tendons), has a nerve supply, and its cells are dispersed in a matrix which plays a major role in their functioning.

What are the components of connective tissues?

<p>Connective tissues are composed of cells, ground substance, and protein fibers. Ground substance is a fluid or semi-fluid viscous component of the matrix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three protein fibers found in connective tissues?

<p>Collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and reticular fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of loose connective tissue?

<p>Provides support and elasticity, allows for movement and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is dense connective tissue primarily found in the body?

<p>Found in tendons and ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key components of the ground substance in the matrix of connective tissue?

<p>Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary functions of cartilage in the body?

<p>Provides support and flexibility, reduces friction between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are found in bone tissue?

<p>Osteocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of liquid connective tissues?

<p>Blood and lymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of liquid connective tissues?

<p>Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exocrine gland releases its secretions via exocytosis?

<p>Merocrine gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of connective tissue is highly vascular and has a nerve supply?

<p>Bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of gland releases a thicker, more viscous product rich in glycoprotein mucin?

<p>Mucous gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of ground substance in the matrix of connective tissue?

<p>Providing structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of connective tissue is abundant with relatively few cells?

<p>Loose connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are chondrocytes primarily found in the body?

<p>Nose and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of adipocytes in connective tissue?

<p>Store lipid as droplets in their cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are multipotent adult stem cells in connective tissues?

<p>Mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances are found in the ground substance of connective tissue?

<p>Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, keratan sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of reticular fibers in connective tissues?

<p>Provide support and flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are osteocytes primarily embedded in the body?

<p>Skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of liquid connective tissues in the body?

<p>Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocrine glands secrete their products directly into the blood.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue occurs on free surfaces like epithelia.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Holocrine exocrine gland cells are destroyed after releasing their secretions.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ground substance is a solid component of the matrix in connective tissues.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mast cells are found in connective tissue proper and have cytoplasmic granules filled with histamine and heparin.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Adipocytes store protein fibers in their cytoplasm.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Liquid connective tissues include blood and lymph.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Dense connective tissue consists of densely packed collagen fibers and mast cells.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Mesenchymal cells are multipotent adult stem cells.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Reticular fibers are the most abundant protein fibers in connective tissues.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cartilage provides support and flexibility, but does not reduce friction between bones.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Ground substance is the fluid or semi-fluid component of the matrix in connective tissues.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

Exocrine glands secrete their products into ______ that empty at the surface of the covering and lining of the epithelium or directly onto a free surface

<p>ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Serous glands release a thin liquid of water and ______

<p>proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connective tissue is the most abundant and widely distributed ______ in the body

<p>tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ground substance is a fluid or semi-fluid viscous component of the ______

<p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Protein fibers in connective tissues include collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and ______ fibers

<p>reticular</p> Signup and view all the answers

Types of Cells in Connective Tissues Fibroblasts are the most abundant cells in connective tissue proper and secrete fibers and ______. Adipocytes store lipid as droplets in their cytoplasm. Mesenchymal cells are multipotent adult stem cells. Macrophages are large cells derived from monocytes and are part of the immune system. Mast cells are found in connective tissue proper and have cytoplasmic granules filled with histamine and heparin. Other cells in connective tissues include fibrocytes, histiocytes, plasma cells, etc.

<p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ground substance is the fluid or semi-fluid component of the ______. Substances found in the ground substance include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and keratan sulfate.

<p>matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

Cartilage consists of cells called chondrocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen and ______ fibers. Key body location: Found in the nose, ears, and joints. Functions: Provides support and flexibility, reduces friction between bones.

<p>elastic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bone consists of cells called osteocytes embedded in a matrix of collagen fibers and ______ salts. Key body location: Found in the skeleton. Functions: Provides support and protection, stores minerals, produces blood cells.

<p>calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

Liquid Connective Tissues Includes ______ and lymph. Key body location: Found in blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Functions: Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, immune response.

<p>blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Dense Connective Tissue consists of densely packed collagen fibers and ______. Key body location: Found in tendons and ligaments. Functions: Provides strength and resistance to stretching, connects bones and muscles.

<p>fibroblasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

Loose Connective Tissue consists of all three types of fibers, several types of cells, and a semi-fluid ground substance. Key body location: Found beneath the skin and around organs. Functions: Provides support and elasticity, allows for movement and ______.

<p>flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of exocrine glands with their mode of secretion:

<p>Merocrine glands = Release their secretions via exocytosis Apocrine glands = Pinch off their apical surfaces along with their secretory vesicles Holocrine glands = Gland cells lyse and are destroyed after accumulating their products within their cytoplasm Serous glands = Release a thin liquid of water and proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of connective tissues with their descriptions:

<p>Ground substance = Fluid or semi-fluid viscous component of the matrix Protein fibers = Collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers Cells = Fibroblasts, adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, macrophages, and mast cells Endocrine glands = Ductless; their secretory products (hormones) enter the extracellular fluid and diffuse into the blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following connective tissue characteristics with their descriptions:

<p>Abundance and distribution = Most abundant and widely distributed tissue in the body Occurrence on free surfaces = Does not occur on free surfaces like epithelia Vascularity and nerve supply = Highly vascular (except for cartilage and tendons) and has a nerve supply Cell dispersion in matrix = Cells in connective tissue are dispersed in a matrix, which plays a major role in their functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following liquid connective tissues with their functions:

<p>Blood = Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, immune response Lymph = Transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products, immune response Ground substance = Fluid or semi-fluid viscous component of the matrix Adipocytes = Store lipid as droplets in their cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the connective tissue type with its key body location and function:

<p>Loose Connective Tissue = Found beneath the skin and around organs Dense Connective Tissue = Found in tendons and ligaments Cartilage = Found in the nose, ears, and joints Bone = Found in the skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the cell type with its description in connective tissues:

<p>Fibroblasts = Most abundant cells in connective tissue proper and secrete fibers and matrix Adipocytes = Store lipid as droplets in their cytoplasm Mesenchymal cells = Multipotent adult stem cells Macrophages = Large cells derived from monocytes and are part of the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the protein fiber type with its description in connective tissues:

<p>Collagen fibers = Abundant in all connective tissues and provide strength and structure Elastic fibers = Provide elasticity and resilience in connective tissues Reticular fibers = Form a mesh-like network to support soft tissues Mast cells = Contain cytoplasmic granules filled with histamine and heparin</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ground substance component with its description in connective tissues:

<p>Hyaluronic acid = Provides lubrication and hydration to the surrounding tissues Chondroitin sulfate = Supports cartilage and inhibits enzymes that can degrade it Dermatan sulfate = Aids in skin elasticity and wound healing Keratan sulfate = Found in the cornea and cartilage, helps maintain tissue structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

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