Glaciers and Landforms Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is a landform?

  • A specific type of soil
  • A type of vegetation
  • A large part of the earth's surface
  • A small part of the earth's surface (correct)

    • What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?

  • Formation, destruction, renewal
  • Growth, stagnation, decay
  • Youth, maturity, old age (correct)
  • Youth, adulthood, seniority

    • Which geomorphic agent is considered the most important for degrading the land surface?

  • Rainfall
  • Running water (correct)
  • Waves
  • Glaciers

    • How do erosion and deposition affect the surface of the earth?

    <p>They change the surface of the earth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?

    <p>Erosion and deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are landscapes made up of?

    <p>Several related landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is characterized by well-sorted deposits with clear stratification?

    <p>Delta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform stretches from the bank of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls?

    <p>Floodplain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lateral erosion on river banks over gentler slopes?

    <p>Development of meanders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action contributes to the formation of ox-bow lakes?

    <p>Erosion along the concave bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rock is rich in calcium carbonate and undergoes landform development through solution and precipitation deposition?

    <p>Dolomite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?

    <p>Sinkhole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are irregular grooves and ridges formed when most surfaces of limestone are removed by a solution process called?

    <p>Lappies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?

    <p>Stalactite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?

    <p>Piedmont Glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of movement of glaciers mainly due to?

    <p>Gravitational force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?

    <p>Antarctica and Greenland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?

    <p>Ox-bow lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of landforms are mainly associated with rivers flowing over medium to gentler slopes?

    <p>Depositional landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the middle stage of a river, what type of erosion becomes dominant?

    <p>Lateral erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?

    <p>Canyon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?

    <p>Plunge Pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are river terraces commonly found?

    <p>At the foot of mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?

    <p>Youth or mountain stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alluvial fans often found?

    <p>At the foot of mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?

    <p>Canyon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to streams that flow over alluvial fans over time?

    <p>They change course forming many channels called distributaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?

    <p>Youth or mountain stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do swamps and marshes disappear from the landscape?

    <p>Mature or middle stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?

    <p>Lateral erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dominates along the high rocky coasts?

    <p>Erosion features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for long ridges of sand and/or shingle parallel to the coast in the nearshore zone?

    <p>Bars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?

    <p>Spits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coast is the east coast of India?

    <p>Low sedimentary coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temporary features eventually disappear due to wave erosion?

    <p>Sea caves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do tsunami waves and storm waves cause along low sedimentary coasts?

    <p>Depositional changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?

    <p>Beach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do large rivers that carry huge sediments build along low sedimentary coasts?

    <p>Deltas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for a stretch of sand deposition off the shoreline?

    <p>Barrier bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the resistant masses of rock that appear as rocks standing isolated as small islands just off the shore?

    <p>Sea stacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do spits get attached to?

    <p>Headlands/hills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?

    <p>Crevasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is formed by the headward erosion of the cirque walls?

    <p>Horns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deposits are moraines?

    <p>Glacial till</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?

    <p>Terminal moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layered deposition left behind by a melting glacier called?

    <p>Outwash plains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?

    <p>Drumlins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common landform found at the heads of glacial valleys?

    <p>Cirques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?

    <p>Medial moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...

    <p>&quot;Tributary glaciers cut deeper than the main glacier&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fjords are commonly found in which countries?

    <p>Norway, New Zealand, Greenland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process responsible for creating esker ridges?

    <p>Deposition by rivers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ground moraines are characterized by their formation on the...

    <p>Floor of a glacial valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?

    <p>Deflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?

    <p>Transverse dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shallow depression caused by persistent movement of winds?

    <p>Deflation hollows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the nearly level plain formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?

    <p>Playas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of desert landform is formed when sand surfaces are partially covered with vegetation?

    <p>Parabolic dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the high relief structures in deserts reduced to when they are shaped into featureless plains by wind activities?

    <p>Pediplains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?

    <p>Longitudinal dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?

    <p>Mushroom rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?

    <p>Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?

    <p>Alkali flats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?

    <p>Abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When deflation causes a shallow depression by persistent movement of winds, what are they called?

    <p>Deflation hollows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?

    <p>Youth, maturity, old age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?

    <p>Running water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?

    <p>Antarctica</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?

    <p>Hoodoos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?

    <p>Deflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?

    <p>Erosion and deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coast dominates the west coast of India?

    <p>High rocky retreating coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?

    <p>Stalactite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coast is associated with the formation of deltas by large rivers carrying huge sediments?

    <p>Low sedimentary coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?

    <p>Ox-bow lake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?

    <p>Beach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are fjords commonly found?

    <p>The Scandinavian countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?

    <p>&quot;U&quot;-shaped valley formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?

    <p>&quot;Transverse&quot;-shaped dune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?

    <p>Ice cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are river terraces commonly found?

    <p>Mountainous regions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?

    <p>Old age stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?

    <p>Sinkhole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?

    <p>Impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are nearly level plains formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?

    <p>Playas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of desert landform has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?

    <p>Mushroom Rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dune is formed when there is a shift in wind conditions and has only one wing or point?

    <p>Seif dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?

    <p>Pedestal rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?

    <p>Deflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of dune does the wind direction remain constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?

    <p>Transverse dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?

    <p>Playas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock formation has long ridges of considerable length but are low in height, and is found when the supply of sand is poor and wind direction is constant?

    <p>Longitudinal dunes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What landform develops in basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?

    <p>Playas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dune appears as crescent-shaped dunes with points directed away from the wind direction?

    <p>Barchans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used for shallow depressions caused by persistent movement of winds?

    <p>Deflation hollows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?

    <p>Crevasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?

    <p>Drumlin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are very deep glacial troughs filled with seawater and making up shorelines (in high altitude) commonly found?

    <p>Norway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the deposits of glacial till called?

    <p>Moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?

    <p>Abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deposits are roughly stratified and assorted, with rock fragments having somewhat rounded edges?

    <p>Outwash deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?

    <p>Deflation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Hanging valleys' are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...

    <p>Tributary glaciers were unable to cut as deeply as the main glacier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?

    <p>Canyon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alluvial fans often found?

    <p>At the base of mountain ranges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?

    <p>Youth stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?

    <p>Tombolo</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?

    <p>V-shaped Valley</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?

    <p>Playa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?

    <p>Longitudinal Dune</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do spits get attached to?

    <p>Headland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deposits are moraines?

    <p>Glacial deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?

    <p>Natural levee</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are alluvial fans often found?

    <p>At the foot of mountains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?

    <p>Wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?

    <p>Youthful stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?

    <p>Moraines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?

    <p>Plunge pool</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of deposits are moraines?

    <p>Glacial deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of coast is the east coast of India?

    <p>Submergent coast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?

    <p>Drumlins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    "Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...

    <p>&quot;They have been carved out by glaciers&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Landforms and Geomorphology

    • A landform is a natural feature on the Earth's surface, shaped by geological processes
    • Stages of landform development: youth, maturity, old age
    • Water is the most important geomorphic agent for degrading the land surface
    • Erosion and deposition affect the surface of the Earth by wearing away and depositing rocks and soil
    • Two important aspects in the evolution of landforms: tectonic forces and denudation

    Fluvial Landforms

    • A river's course can be divided into three stages: youth, maturity, and old age
    • During the middle stage, lateral erosion becomes dominant
    • Meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points, forming oxbow lakes
    • River terraces are commonly found at the foot of mountains or in valleys
    • The primary factor responsible for the formation of oxbow lakes is lateral erosion on river banks over gentler slopes

    Glacial Landforms

    • Glaciers occur mainly in polar regions (over 96% of glaciers occur in Antarctica and Greenland)
    • Glaciers move mainly due to gravity
    • Formation of glaciers leads to the creation of glacial troughs, which can fill with seawater and form fjords
    • Moraines are deposits of unsorted till left behind by glaciers
    • Terminal moraines are long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glacier
    • Glacial drift refers to the layered deposition left behind by a melting glacier

    Aeolian Landforms

    • Deflation causes shallow depressions by persistent movement of winds, called deflation hollows
    • Wind can lift and remove dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks, a process called deflation
    • Dunes are formed when wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction
    • Barchan dunes are formed when the wind direction remains constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction
    • Mushroom-shaped rock formations are formed when wind erodes the surface of rocks
    • Yardangs are high relief structures in deserts reduced to featureless plains by wind activities

    Coastal Landforms

    • The east coast of India is a deltaic coast, formed by large rivers carrying huge sediments
    • Barrier bars are formed when long shore drift deposits sand, pebbles, and gravels along the coast
    • Spits are elongated stretches of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast
    • Fjords are commonly found in Norway and Scotland
    • Hanging valleys are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because of differential erosion

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    Test your knowledge about glaciers and the landforms they create through erosional and depositional activities. Learn about crevasses, erosion processes, and the formation of various landforms.

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