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Questions and Answers
What is a landform?
What is a landform?
- A specific type of soil
- A type of vegetation
- A large part of the earth's surface
- A small part of the earth's surface (correct)
What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?
What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?
- Formation, destruction, renewal
- Growth, stagnation, decay
- Youth, maturity, old age (correct)
- Youth, adulthood, seniority
Which geomorphic agent is considered the most important for degrading the land surface?
Which geomorphic agent is considered the most important for degrading the land surface?
- Rainfall
- Running water (correct)
- Waves
- Glaciers
How do erosion and deposition affect the surface of the earth?
How do erosion and deposition affect the surface of the earth?
What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?
What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?
What are landscapes made up of?
What are landscapes made up of?
What landform is characterized by well-sorted deposits with clear stratification?
What landform is characterized by well-sorted deposits with clear stratification?
Which landform stretches from the bank of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls?
Which landform stretches from the bank of a river channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls?
What is the result of lateral erosion on river banks over gentler slopes?
What is the result of lateral erosion on river banks over gentler slopes?
Which action contributes to the formation of ox-bow lakes?
Which action contributes to the formation of ox-bow lakes?
Which type of rock is rich in calcium carbonate and undergoes landform development through solution and precipitation deposition?
Which type of rock is rich in calcium carbonate and undergoes landform development through solution and precipitation deposition?
What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?
What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?
What are irregular grooves and ridges formed when most surfaces of limestone are removed by a solution process called?
What are irregular grooves and ridges formed when most surfaces of limestone are removed by a solution process called?
What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?
What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?
What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?
What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?
What is the cause of movement of glaciers mainly due to?
What is the cause of movement of glaciers mainly due to?
Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?
Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?
What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?
What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?
What kind of landforms are mainly associated with rivers flowing over medium to gentler slopes?
What kind of landforms are mainly associated with rivers flowing over medium to gentler slopes?
During the middle stage of a river, what type of erosion becomes dominant?
During the middle stage of a river, what type of erosion becomes dominant?
Which type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?
Which type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?
What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?
What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?
Where are river terraces commonly found?
Where are river terraces commonly found?
In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What happens to streams that flow over alluvial fans over time?
What happens to streams that flow over alluvial fans over time?
During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?
During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?
When do swamps and marshes disappear from the landscape?
When do swamps and marshes disappear from the landscape?
What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?
What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?
What dominates along the high rocky coasts?
What dominates along the high rocky coasts?
What is the name for long ridges of sand and/or shingle parallel to the coast in the nearshore zone?
What is the name for long ridges of sand and/or shingle parallel to the coast in the nearshore zone?
What is formed when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?
What is formed when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?
What type of coast is the east coast of India?
What type of coast is the east coast of India?
What temporary features eventually disappear due to wave erosion?
What temporary features eventually disappear due to wave erosion?
What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?
What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?
What do tsunami waves and storm waves cause along low sedimentary coasts?
What do tsunami waves and storm waves cause along low sedimentary coasts?
What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?
What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?
What do large rivers that carry huge sediments build along low sedimentary coasts?
What do large rivers that carry huge sediments build along low sedimentary coasts?
What is the name for a stretch of sand deposition off the shoreline?
What is the name for a stretch of sand deposition off the shoreline?
What are the resistant masses of rock that appear as rocks standing isolated as small islands just off the shore?
What are the resistant masses of rock that appear as rocks standing isolated as small islands just off the shore?
What do spits get attached to?
What do spits get attached to?
What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?
What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?
Which landform is formed by the headward erosion of the cirque walls?
Which landform is formed by the headward erosion of the cirque walls?
What type of deposits are moraines?
What type of deposits are moraines?
What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?
What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?
What is the layered deposition left behind by a melting glacier called?
What is the layered deposition left behind by a melting glacier called?
What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?
What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?
What is the most common landform found at the heads of glacial valleys?
What is the most common landform found at the heads of glacial valleys?
What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?
What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?
"Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
"Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
Fjords are commonly found in which countries?
Fjords are commonly found in which countries?
What is the process responsible for creating esker ridges?
What is the process responsible for creating esker ridges?
Ground moraines are characterized by their formation on the...
Ground moraines are characterized by their formation on the...
What is the term for the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
What is the term for the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
Which type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
Which type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
What is the term for the shallow depression caused by persistent movement of winds?
What is the term for the shallow depression caused by persistent movement of winds?
What is the term for the nearly level plain formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
What is the term for the nearly level plain formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
Which type of desert landform is formed when sand surfaces are partially covered with vegetation?
Which type of desert landform is formed when sand surfaces are partially covered with vegetation?
What are the high relief structures in deserts reduced to when they are shaped into featureless plains by wind activities?
What are the high relief structures in deserts reduced to when they are shaped into featureless plains by wind activities?
What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?
What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?
What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
Which term refers to the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?
Which term refers to the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?
What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?
What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?
What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?
What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?
When deflation causes a shallow depression by persistent movement of winds, what are they called?
When deflation causes a shallow depression by persistent movement of winds, what are they called?
What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?
What are the stages of development that a landform goes through?
What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?
What is the primary factor responsible for the formation of ox-bow lakes?
Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?
Where do over 96% of glaciers occur?
What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
What type of rock formation has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?
What are the two important aspects in the evolution of landforms?
What type of coast dominates the west coast of India?
What type of coast dominates the west coast of India?
What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?
What landform is characterized by calcium carbonate deposits hanging as icicles?
Which type of coast is associated with the formation of deltas by large rivers carrying huge sediments?
Which type of coast is associated with the formation of deltas by large rivers carrying huge sediments?
What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?
What landform develops when meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points?
What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?
What is the name for an elongated stretch of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast?
Where are fjords commonly found?
Where are fjords commonly found?
What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?
What is the result of the merging of two lateral moraines?
What type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
What type of dune is formed when the wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?
What landform occurs as a vast sheet of ice spread over the plains at the foot of mountains?
Where are river terraces commonly found?
Where are river terraces commonly found?
During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?
During which stage do divides become broad and flat with marshes, swamps, and lakes?
What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?
What is the term for an opening more or less circular at the top and funnel-shaped towards the bottom, formed through solution or collapse?
What term is used for the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?
What term is used for the sheer force of momentum which occurs when sand is blown into or against a rock surface?
Where are nearly level plains formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
Where are nearly level plains formed at the center of a basin due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
Which type of desert landform has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
Which type of desert landform has narrow pillars with broad top surfaces shaped like a mushroom?
What type of dune is formed when there is a shift in wind conditions and has only one wing or point?
What type of dune is formed when there is a shift in wind conditions and has only one wing or point?
What kind of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What kind of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
What term refers to the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
In which type of dune does the wind direction remain constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
In which type of dune does the wind direction remain constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction?
What is the term for basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
What is the term for basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
What type of rock formation has long ridges of considerable length but are low in height, and is found when the supply of sand is poor and wind direction is constant?
What type of rock formation has long ridges of considerable length but are low in height, and is found when the supply of sand is poor and wind direction is constant?
What landform develops in basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
What landform develops in basins with mountains and hills around, where drainage is towards the center and a nearly level plain forms at the center due to gradual deposition of sediment from basin margins?
What type of dune appears as crescent-shaped dunes with points directed away from the wind direction?
What type of dune appears as crescent-shaped dunes with points directed away from the wind direction?
What term is used for shallow depressions caused by persistent movement of winds?
What term is used for shallow depressions caused by persistent movement of winds?
What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?
What are deep fissures of variable width in the surface of a glacier known as?
Which landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
Which landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
Where are very deep glacial troughs filled with seawater and making up shorelines (in high altitude) commonly found?
Where are very deep glacial troughs filled with seawater and making up shorelines (in high altitude) commonly found?
What are the deposits of glacial till called?
What are the deposits of glacial till called?
What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?
What term refers to the process involving the transportation of sand and silt acting as effective tools to abrade the land surface?
What type of deposits are roughly stratified and assorted, with rock fragments having somewhat rounded edges?
What type of deposits are roughly stratified and assorted, with rock fragments having somewhat rounded edges?
What do you call the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
What do you call the lifting and removal of dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks by wind?
'Hanging valleys' are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
'Hanging valleys' are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
During which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
During which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
What forms when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?
What forms when barrier bars get keyed up to the headland of a bay?
What type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?
What type of valley is formed due to the steep slope and large volume of water causing the river to cut its bed vertically?
What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?
What is the term for the area where water is retained for a short duration only due to evaporation, and often contains a good deposition of salts?
What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?
What type of dune appears as long ridges of considerable length but are low in height?
What do spits get attached to?
What do spits get attached to?
What type of deposits are moraines?
What type of deposits are moraines?
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
What type of landform is characterized by steep step-like side slopes and is wider at its top than at its bottom?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
Where are alluvial fans often found?
What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?
What is the main geomorphic agent in the arid region?
In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
In which stage of a river are waterfalls and rapids most likely to exist?
What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?
What do you call the long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glaciers?
What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?
What creates a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall?
What type of deposits are moraines?
What type of deposits are moraines?
Which type of coast is the east coast of India?
Which type of coast is the east coast of India?
What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?
What are oval-shaped ridge-like depositions of glacial till called?
"Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
"Hanging valleys" are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because...
Study Notes
Landforms and Geomorphology
- A landform is a natural feature on the Earth's surface, shaped by geological processes
- Stages of landform development: youth, maturity, old age
- Water is the most important geomorphic agent for degrading the land surface
- Erosion and deposition affect the surface of the Earth by wearing away and depositing rocks and soil
- Two important aspects in the evolution of landforms: tectonic forces and denudation
Fluvial Landforms
- A river's course can be divided into three stages: youth, maturity, and old age
- During the middle stage, lateral erosion becomes dominant
- Meanders grow into deep loops and cut off due to erosion at inflection points, forming oxbow lakes
- River terraces are commonly found at the foot of mountains or in valleys
- The primary factor responsible for the formation of oxbow lakes is lateral erosion on river banks over gentler slopes
Glacial Landforms
- Glaciers occur mainly in polar regions (over 96% of glaciers occur in Antarctica and Greenland)
- Glaciers move mainly due to gravity
- Formation of glaciers leads to the creation of glacial troughs, which can fill with seawater and form fjords
- Moraines are deposits of unsorted till left behind by glaciers
- Terminal moraines are long ridges of debris deposited at the end (toe) of the glacier
- Glacial drift refers to the layered deposition left behind by a melting glacier
Aeolian Landforms
- Deflation causes shallow depressions by persistent movement of winds, called deflation hollows
- Wind can lift and remove dust and smaller particles from the surface of rocks, a process called deflation
- Dunes are formed when wind direction is constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction
- Barchan dunes are formed when the wind direction remains constant and the source of sand is an elongated feature at right angles to the wind direction
- Mushroom-shaped rock formations are formed when wind erodes the surface of rocks
- Yardangs are high relief structures in deserts reduced to featureless plains by wind activities
Coastal Landforms
- The east coast of India is a deltaic coast, formed by large rivers carrying huge sediments
- Barrier bars are formed when long shore drift deposits sand, pebbles, and gravels along the coast
- Spits are elongated stretches of sand, pebbles, gravels, etc. deposited along the coast
- Fjords are commonly found in Norway and Scotland
- Hanging valleys are at higher levels than the main valley and appear hanging over the main valley because of differential erosion
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Description
Test your knowledge about glaciers and the landforms they create through erosional and depositional activities. Learn about crevasses, erosion processes, and the formation of various landforms.
