Canada's Landforms and Glaciers

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Questions and Answers

Glaciers cover approximately 10% of the Earth's surface.

True (A)

Canada's landform regions are divided into seven types.

True (A)

Canada is divided into three main landform types: the Canadian Shield, the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands, and the Appalachian Mountains.

True (A)

The Canadian Shield is the only landform region that is not greatly influenced by glaciation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glaciers only form in the Arctic and Antarctic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glaciers have no significant impact on the shaping of a landscape.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gravel is an important resource for the Canadian economy, and its presence is partially attributed to glacial activity.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands are a dominant feature in the Canadian Shield.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The crust is compared to a sponge cake.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continental drift theory suggests that Earth's continents were once part of a supercontinent called Pangea.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mantle is mostly made up of solid rock.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lithosphere includes both the crust and a portion of the upper mantle.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plate tectonics is described as a liquid layer beneath the crust.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Magma can only travel upward at convergent plate boundaries.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Continental plates always create volcanoes when they interact with oceanic plates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Earthquakes can occur at transform plate boundaries where plates slide past each other.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Divergent plate movement is characterized by two plates moving apart from each other.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alfred Wegener was responsible for discovering sea-floor spreading.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The theory of plate tectonics explains how and why continents move.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fault line is a part of the Earth's crust where tectonic plates have never moved.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During sea-floor spreading, older crust is pushed inward towards mid-ocean ridges.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The mid-Atlantic Ridge is where tectonic plates are moving together.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Subduction occurs when one tectonic plate moves over another and sinks into the Earth's mantle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oceanic-continental convergence results in the formation of volcanoes.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Transform plate boundaries are characterized by horizontal movement of tectonic plates.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tsunamis are primarily caused by volcanic eruptions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Himalayas were formed due to oceanic-oceanic plate convergence.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Ring of Fire is associated with many earthquakes and volcanoes due to tectonic plate movements.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Canadian Shield was formed through ancient plate collisions.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical Geography

The study of the Earth's physical makeup and natural processes.

Continental Drift

Theory that continents were once part of a larger supercontinent and have since drifted apart.

Plate Tectonics

The theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates and their interactions.

Lithosphere

The rigid outer layer of the Earth composed of the crust and upper mantle.

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Mantle

Layer of molten rock between the Earth's crust and the core.

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Mid-Atlantic Ridge

An underwater mountain range where tectonic plates move apart, creating new ocean crust.

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Convergent Plate Boundary

A tectonic boundary where two plates move towards each other, leading to various geological formations.

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Oceanic-Continental Convergence

When an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, forming volcanoes.

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Subduction

The process where one tectonic plate moves under another and sinks into the mantle.

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Transform Plate Boundary

A boundary where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally.

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Formation of Volcanoes

Occurs when tectonic plates move apart, allowing magma to rise and create new crust.

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Consequences of Plate Movements

Geological events like volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain ranges resulting from tectonic activities.

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Ring of Fire

A region around the Pacific Ocean known for frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity due to tectonic plate movements.

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Landform

A natural feature of the Earth's surface.

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Canada's Landform Regions

Canada is divided into 3 main landform types.

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Canadian Shield

A large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks.

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Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Lowlands

A lowland area characterized by flat terrain and significant water bodies.

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Appalachians

A mountain range in eastern Canada, part of the broader Appalachian system.

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Glaciation

The process of forming and moving glaciers, shaping landscapes.

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Economic importance of gravel

Gravel left by glaciers is essential for construction and road making.

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Impact of glaciers on landscape

Glaciers widen valleys, sculpt moraines, and smooth bedrock.

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Volcanoes

Mountains formed by molten rock (magma) from the Earth's interior.

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Mountains from Plate Collision

Formed when two continental plates collide and push upward.

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Convergent Boundaries

Where tectonic plates move towards each other, causing mountains or volcanoes.

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Divergent Boundaries

Where tectonic plates move apart from each other, leading to sea-floor spreading.

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Transform Boundaries

Where tectonic plates slide past each other, causing faults and earthquakes.

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Fault Line

A crack or break in the Earth's surface where two tectonic plates meet.

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Sea-floor Spreading

Process where new oceanic crust forms as magma rises and solidifies at mid-ocean ridges.

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Theory of Plate Tectonics

Explains how and why continents drift due to movement in the Earth's mantle.

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Physical Geography Notes PDF

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