Give Me Liberty Chapter 9 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What was the market revolution?

A political movement for independence

A movement to improve farming techniques

A series of innovations in transportation and communication in the United States (correct)

A social reform movement

What are turnpikes?

Toll roads authorized by Congress aimed at making transportation quicker.

What was the National Road?

A road authorized by Congress in 1806 that stretched from Cumberland, Maryland to the Old Northwest.

Who is Robert Fulton?

An artist and engineer known for creating steamboats Signup and view all the answers

When was the Erie Canal completed?

1825 Signup and view all the answers

Who oversaw the construction of the Erie Canal?

Dewitt Clinton Signup and view all the answers

What did the Illinois and Michigan Canal connect?

The Great Lakes to the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of S.F.B. Morse's telegraph?

To make communication easier and quicker by sending Morse code over electronic wires. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Adams-Onis Treaty?

The United States purchased Florida from Spain. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Cotton Kingdom refer to?

Areas in the South where cotton farming developed due to high demand. Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the cotton gin?

Eli Whitney Signup and view all the answers

What is commercial farming?

Farming on a large scale made easier by inventions like the Cotton Gin. Signup and view all the answers

Who invented the steel plow?

John Deere Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaper invented by Cyrus McCormick used for?

To increase the amount of wheat a farmer could harvest. Signup and view all the answers

Who established the first factory in America?

Samuel Slater Signup and view all the answers

What did the Boston Associates do?

Created the first American factory using power looms Signup and view all the answers

What was Lowell known for?

A town in Massachusetts with over 52 mills employing around 10,000 workers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the factory system?

A method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building. Signup and view all the answers

What was Eli Terry known for?

The American System of Manufactures, which relied on mass production of interchangeable parts. Signup and view all the answers

What were mill girls?

Young women who worked in early New England factories, often coming from farm families. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Cunard Line do?

Provided inexpensive shipping from Britain to Boston and NYC. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Great Famine?

A famine in Ireland that led to many deaths and emigration Signup and view all the answers

What is the 'German Triangle'?

An area consisting of Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee that attracted a large German population. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Archbishop John Hughes?

A church leader who sought to strengthen the Catholic Church and promote Catholic education. Signup and view all the answers

What is nativism?

The idea favoring native-born individuals over immigrants. Signup and view all the answers

What role did the Democratic Party machine play?

It brought the Irish into the Urban Political Machines. Signup and view all the answers

What is a corporation?

A form of business organization with privileges and debts distinct from its investors. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Dartmouth College v. Woodward?

It defined corporate charters as contracts not to be changed by future lawmakers. Signup and view all the answers

What did Gibbons v. Ogden achieve?

Struck down a monopoly granted for steamboats. Signup and view all the answers

Who was Roger B. Taney?

A Supreme Court Justice who ruled on state authority over corporate charters. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Market Revolution

Transformed the U.S. economy in the early 19th century, significantly influencing transportation, communication, and agriculture.
Primarily affected Northern states, with minimal impact on the Southern economy.

Turnpikes

Toll roads established by Congress to enhance transportation speed and efficiency.

National Road

Authorized in 1806, spanning from Cumberland, Maryland, to the Old Northwest, facilitating westward expansion.

Robert Fulton & Clermont

Innovator of steamboats, demonstrating their feasibility by navigating the Hudson River, enabling upstream commerce.

Erie Canal

Completed in 1825, this 363-mile canal linked the Great Lakes to New York City, boosting trade and agriculture.
Oversight by Governor Dewitt Clinton, inspiring other states to invest in canal construction.

Dewitt Clinton

New York Governor responsible for the successful construction and promotion of the Erie Canal.

Illinois and Michigan Canal

Connected the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River, fostering Chicago's growth into a major city.

Samuel F.B. Morse & Telegraph

Revolutionized communication with the telegraph, utilizing Morse code; by 1850, 50,000 miles of telegraph wire were in place.

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Agreement whereby the U.S. acquired Florida from Spain, following its rebellion.

Cotton Kingdom

Southern regions where cotton farming thrived due to the high demand, significantly facilitated by the invention of the cotton gin.

Eli Whitney & Cotton Gin

Invented a machine that drastically sped up the process of separating cotton seeds, increasing efficiency by 40 times.

Commercial Farming

Emerged following the cotton gin's invention, enabling farmers to cultivate large-scale operations.

John Deere & Steel Plow

Invented in 1837, the steel plow made the cultivation of tough prairie soil easier, enhancing agricultural productivity.

Cyrus McCormick & Reaper

Developed a horse-drawn machine in 1831 that significantly increased wheat harvest efficiency, tripling output from 1840 to 1860.

Samuel Slater

Established the first American factory in 1790, recreating British textile machinery from memory, notably the spinning jenny.

Boston Associates & Waltham

Founded the first large-scale American factory using power looms for cotton cloth in 1814, leading to a factory-based community.

Lowell, Massachusetts

Home to over 52 mills employing around 10,000 workers, marking it as a significant industrial center in the early 19th century.

Factory System

Production approach consolidating workers and machines in one location, leading to mass production capabilities.

Eli Terry & American System of Manufactures

Introduced mass production of interchangeable parts, initially applied in clock manufacturing, enhancing local mechanical skills.

Mill Girls

Young unmarried women who worked in early New England factories, organized under strict boarding conditions to convince families to support their work.

Cunard Line

Affordable shipping service transporting immigrants from Britain to the U.S. in the 1840s, significantly increasing European immigration.

Great Famine (1845-51)

Catastrophic famine in Ireland due to potato blight, resulting in over 1 million deaths and substantial emigration to the U.S.

"German Triangle"

Cities of Cincinnati, St. Louis, and Milwaukee that attracted large German immigrant populations, fostering distinct German cultural enclaves.

Archbishop John Hughes

Prominent Catholic figure in the 1840s and 1850s advocating for Catholic education and the establishment of parochial schools.

Nativism

Movement favoring native-born citizens over immigrants, often blaming them for societal issues like crime and corruption.

Democratic Party Machine

Political structure that integrated Irish immigrants into urban political systems.

Corporation

Business model receiving charters from the government that limited investor liability for company debts, enabling economic expansion.

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Supreme Court case defining charters as inviolable contracts, protecting corporate rights from legislative changes.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Landmark ruling abolishing a steamboat monopoly, reinforcing federal authority in interstate commerce.

Roger B. Taney

Supreme Court Justice who ruled in 1837 that state governments could not rescind existing corporate charters, emphasizing corporate contract rights.

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Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 9 of 'Give Me Liberty'. This quiz covers significant terms such as the market revolution and turnpikes that shaped early 19th century America. Dive into historical innovations in transportation and communication with these flashcards.