Overview of the Market Revolution
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Questions and Answers

When did the market revolution start?

1800's

What was the Market Revolution?

A shift from a producer culture to a consumer culture.

What were the three primary causes of the Market Revolution?

Rapid improvements in transportation and communication; the production of goods for a cash market; and the use of inventions and innovations to produce goods for a mass market.

What were some of the improvements in transportation?

<p>Roads (National Road); Canals (Erie Canal); Steamboats; and Railroads.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What generated more land for the American farmers? Who was the president that made it happen? What year?

<p>The Louisiana Purchase, Jefferson, 1803</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the inventions that came along to industrialize America?

<p>Cotton Gin - Eli Whitney 1793; Steamboat - Robert Fulton 1807; Steam-driven Printing Press - Friedrich Koenig 1810; Sewing Machine - Elias Howe 1846; Reaper - Cyrus McCormick 1847.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Cotton Gin do?

<p>It made it easier for the seeds in cotton to be removed once picked.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Steamboat make easier?

<p>The Steamboat made it easier to travel through shallow waters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the sewing machine make easier?

<p>The sewing machine made it easier to make clothing out of cloth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the reaper do and what did it change?

<p>The reaper changed farming forever by making the process of harvesting crops much easier for farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many companies were in the US in 1800?

<p>Approximately 300 incorporated companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many companies were in the US in 1817?

<p>Approximately 2000 incorporated companies</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the population begin to double?

<p>1800</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the population change from 1800 to 1820?

<p>In 1800 there was 5 million and in 1820 there were 10 million.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Urbanization?

<p>The growth of cities</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did urbanization occur?

<p>Urbanization began to occur due to industrialization and demand for jobs, in which more people began moving to the cities, especially immigrants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the change in the urban population from 1800-1860?

<p>In 1860 the urban population was 6% and it grew to 15% in 1860.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What countries did the immigrants come from?

<p>Ireland, England, Germany, and France</p> Signup and view all the answers

About how many immigrants were in America?

<p>Approximately 5 million</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why were the immigrants coming to America?

<p>They were escaping from their countries' economic problems (Ireland during the Great Famine; England during the failure of the democratization of the British government).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Irish do once they were in America?

<p>They took the low-class, unskilled jobs Americans didn't want.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Germans do in America?

<p>The Germans settled in America and began their own schools and newspapers along with their own churches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Scandinavians do in America?

<p>The Scandinavians settled mostly on farms in the old northwest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did the Irish encounter hostility from Americans?

<p>Irish mostly encountered hostility due to their being Roman Catholic. Natives of America thought that the immigrants were going to take their jobs and cut their wages.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurred due to the hostility towards the immigrants?

<p>There were many violent anti-immigrant riots in big cities such as Philadelphia and New York.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were other aspects that resulted from the consumer culture that emerged?

<p>Internal Improvements occurred which included the building of the National Road, the Erie Canal, and Railroads mostly in the north, along with Judicial Nationalism which favored the market instead of the farmers, workers, debtors, and states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the overall outcomes of the Market Revolution?

<p>Farmers went into debt to finance the expansion of the economy. There was also the dilution of skills, economic dependence, competition, the separation of work and home, the devaluation of women's labor, novelty and choice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of the Market Revolution

  • The Market Revolution began in the early 1800s, marking a significant shift to a consumer-driven society.
  • It transformed America from a producer culture to one focused on mass consumption.

Causes of the Market Revolution

  • Major advancements in transportation and communication facilitated the movement of goods and people.
  • The rise of a cash market led to increased production for sale rather than local consumption.
  • Innovations and inventions were developed to enhance the mass production of goods.

Transportation Improvements

  • National Road, Erie Canal, steamboats, and railroads revolutionized travel and trade.
  • These improvements significantly reduced transportation costs and time.

Key Land Acquisition

  • The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, orchestrated by President Thomas Jefferson, doubled the amount of land available to American farmers.

Notable Inventions and Inventors

  • Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney (1793) streamlined cotton processing.
  • Steamboat by Robert Fulton (1807) improved navigation in shallow waters.
  • Steam-driven Printing Press by Friedrich Koenig (1810) advanced the printing industry.
  • Sewing Machine by Elias Howe (1846) revolutionized clothing production.
  • Reaper by Cyrus McCormick (1847) dramatically increased agricultural efficiency.

Population Growth

  • The U.S. population doubled from 5 million in 1800 to 10 million in 1820, with urbanization increasing alongside it.
  • Urbanization relates to the growth of cities, driven by job opportunities from industrialization.

Urban Population Changes

  • From 1800 to 1860, urban population grew from 6% to 15%.
  • Immigrants significantly contributed to this urban growth.

Immigrant Demographics

  • Major immigrant groups included Irish, English, German, and French, totaling approximately 5 million people.
  • Irish immigrants primarily took low-wage, unskilled jobs and faced hostility due to their Roman Catholic faith.
  • German immigrants established their own communities, schools, newspapers, and churches in America.
  • Scandinavians largely settled in farming areas of the Northwest.

Urban Strife and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment

  • Rising tensions led to violent anti-immigrant riots in cities like Philadelphia and New York, motivated by job competition concerns.

Societal Outcomes from the Market Revolution

  • Internal improvements included road and canal construction, largely benefiting the northern economy.
  • Judicial Nationalism shifted governmental focus towards market preferences rather than supporting farmers and laborers.
  • Farmers frequently borrowed funds, leading to increased debt and economic dependence.
  • The era saw the dilution of traditional skills, competition replacing cooperation, and the separation of work from home life.
  • Women's labor became devalued during this period, with a new emphasis on novelty and choice.

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Description

Explore the Market Revolution that began in the early 1800s, reshaping America into a consumer-driven society. Discover the key causes, transportation advancements, land acquisitions, and notable inventions that fueled this transformation. Test your knowledge of how these factors worked together to revolutionize the American economy.

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