Questions and Answers
When did the market revolution start?
1800's
What was the Market Revolution?
A shift from a producer culture to a consumer culture.
What were the three primary causes of the Market Revolution?
Rapid improvements in transportation and communication; the production of goods for a cash market; and the use of inventions and innovations to produce goods for a mass market.
What were some of the improvements in transportation?
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What generated more land for the American farmers? Who was the president that made it happen? What year?
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What were the inventions that came along to industrialize America?
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What did the Cotton Gin do?
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What did the Steamboat make easier?
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What did the sewing machine make easier?
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What did the reaper do and what did it change?
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How many companies were in the US in 1800?
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How many companies were in the US in 1817?
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When did the population begin to double?
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What was the population change from 1800 to 1820?
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What is Urbanization?
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Why did urbanization occur?
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What was the change in the urban population from 1800-1860?
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What countries did the immigrants come from?
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About how many immigrants were in America?
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Why were the immigrants coming to America?
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What did the Irish do once they were in America?
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What did the Germans do in America?
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What did the Scandinavians do in America?
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Why did the Irish encounter hostility from Americans?
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What occurred due to the hostility towards the immigrants?
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What were other aspects that resulted from the consumer culture that emerged?
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What were the overall outcomes of the Market Revolution?
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Study Notes
Overview of the Market Revolution
- The Market Revolution began in the early 1800s, marking a significant shift to a consumer-driven society.
- It transformed America from a producer culture to one focused on mass consumption.
Causes of the Market Revolution
- Major advancements in transportation and communication facilitated the movement of goods and people.
- The rise of a cash market led to increased production for sale rather than local consumption.
- Innovations and inventions were developed to enhance the mass production of goods.
Transportation Improvements
- National Road, Erie Canal, steamboats, and railroads revolutionized travel and trade.
- These improvements significantly reduced transportation costs and time.
Key Land Acquisition
- The Louisiana Purchase in 1803, orchestrated by President Thomas Jefferson, doubled the amount of land available to American farmers.
Notable Inventions and Inventors
- Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney (1793) streamlined cotton processing.
- Steamboat by Robert Fulton (1807) improved navigation in shallow waters.
- Steam-driven Printing Press by Friedrich Koenig (1810) advanced the printing industry.
- Sewing Machine by Elias Howe (1846) revolutionized clothing production.
- Reaper by Cyrus McCormick (1847) dramatically increased agricultural efficiency.
Population Growth
- The U.S. population doubled from 5 million in 1800 to 10 million in 1820, with urbanization increasing alongside it.
- Urbanization relates to the growth of cities, driven by job opportunities from industrialization.
Urban Population Changes
- From 1800 to 1860, urban population grew from 6% to 15%.
- Immigrants significantly contributed to this urban growth.
Immigrant Demographics
- Major immigrant groups included Irish, English, German, and French, totaling approximately 5 million people.
- Irish immigrants primarily took low-wage, unskilled jobs and faced hostility due to their Roman Catholic faith.
- German immigrants established their own communities, schools, newspapers, and churches in America.
- Scandinavians largely settled in farming areas of the Northwest.
Urban Strife and Anti-Immigrant Sentiment
- Rising tensions led to violent anti-immigrant riots in cities like Philadelphia and New York, motivated by job competition concerns.
Societal Outcomes from the Market Revolution
- Internal improvements included road and canal construction, largely benefiting the northern economy.
- Judicial Nationalism shifted governmental focus towards market preferences rather than supporting farmers and laborers.
- Farmers frequently borrowed funds, leading to increased debt and economic dependence.
- The era saw the dilution of traditional skills, competition replacing cooperation, and the separation of work from home life.
- Women's labor became devalued during this period, with a new emphasis on novelty and choice.
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Description
Explore the Market Revolution that began in the early 1800s, reshaping America into a consumer-driven society. Discover the key causes, transportation advancements, land acquisitions, and notable inventions that fueled this transformation. Test your knowledge of how these factors worked together to revolutionize the American economy.