GIT and Version Control Fundamentals

Study Notes

GIT is a free and open-source distributed version control system that efficiently handles small to large projects.
Version control is a system that tracks changes, allows collaborative development, and keeps records of who made changes, what changes were made, and when.

Snapshots: Records of a project's file history at a given point in time.
Commit: The act of creating a snapshot, which contains three pieces of information: file changes, parent commit reference, and a hash code name.
Repositories: Collections of files and their history, which can exist on a local machine or remote server (GitHub).
Cloning: Copying a repository from a remote server, allowing teams to work together.
Pulling and Pushing: Downloading commits from a remote repository (pulling) and adding local changes to the remote repository (pushing).

All commits in Git live on some branch.
A project can have multiple branches, with the main branch often being the "master" branch.
HEAD refers to the most recent commit on a branch.
Merging: Combining changes from one branch into another, typically from a feature branch into the master branch.

The largest and most advanced development platform for building, shipping, and maintaining software.
Allows for collaborative coding, automation, security, project management, and team administration.
Features include automatic environment setup, continuous integration and delivery, code reviews, and vulnerability identification.

Git configuration: git config --global user.name "John Doe" and git config --global user.email [email protected].
Creating a remote repository: git init, git add ., git commit -m "first commit", git remote add origin , and git push -u origin master.
Adding a single file to a GitHub repository: git add , git commit -m "single file push", and git push.
Creating a new branch and pushing from it: git branch -m "branch_name" and git push.