GIS: Components and Data Models

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the attribute data in a GIS?

  • Spatial information that defines the geometry of features.
  • Vector data representing points, lines, and polygons.
  • Raster data representing continuous surfaces.
  • Non-spatial information that describes the characteristics of geographic features. (correct)

What is the primary difference between a feature class and a feature layer in ArcGIS Pro?

  • A feature class stores the actual spatial data, while a feature layer is a representation of that data for display and analysis. (correct)
  • A feature class is a visual representation of spatial data, while a feature layer contains attribute information.
  • A feature class is an older data format, while a feature layer is the current standard.
  • A feature class is used for raster data, while a feature layer is used for vector data.

In the context of GIS, what does a 'feature' represent?

  • A statistical summary of attribute data.
  • A type of map projection.
  • A real-world object or phenomenon on a digital map. (correct)
  • A collection of raster cells in a grid.

When creating a new project in ArcGIS Pro, what is the function of the '.aprx' file?

<p>It serves as a container for maps, layouts, tables, and connections; it does not store the data itself. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of using a geodatabase (.gdb) over a shapefile (.shp)?

<p>Geodatabases can store more complex data types, such as rasters and network topology. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of metadata in ArcGIS Pro?

<p>To provide documentation about the data, including its source, creation date, and accuracy. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key characteristic of raster data?

<p>It divides the world into a grid of cells, each containing a single value. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'feature class' refer to in GIS?

<p>A group of features representing the same type of geographic entity. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the relationship between features and attributes in a vector data model?

<p>Features define the spatial location of geographic entities, while attributes provide non-spatial information about those entities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following contains the common properties for displaying your data on your map?

<p>Feature Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of attribute data?

<p>Land Owner Name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of data is 'linked' to it's attributes in an attribute table?

<p>Vector Data (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which file 'connects' to the data in ArcGIS Pro?

<p>.aprx (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A group of similar 'features' is also known as?

<p>Feature Class (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Selecting a feature will also select it's corresponding _______.

<p>Record (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are components of GIS?

<p>Hardware, Software, People, Data, and Methods (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key distinction between vector and raster data models in GIS?

<p>Vector data represents geographic features with points, lines, and polygons, while raster data uses a grid of cells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ‘features’ that are saved in the GIS called?

<p>Feature Classes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

True or false: A Feature Class is the same as a Feature Layer.

<p>False (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Objects such as points, lines, or polygons in GIS are called ______.

<p>Features (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Topology, network, and routing tools are not possible in which file?

<p>Shapefile (*.shp) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a non-proprietary date type?

<p>Shapefile (*.shp) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is created when you add a feature class (data) to your map?

<p>A Feature Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is displayed in the GIS 'Map View'?

<p>A collection of layers 'drawn' in a particular order for a given map extent and map projection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In GIS, vector data typically represents:

<p>Discrete geographic features with defined boundaries. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which GIS component involves establishing guidelines, specifications, procedures, and standards for analyzing and applying geospatial data?

<p>Methods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of the ArcGIS Pro 'Layout View'?

<p>To design and create map compositions for printing or digital distribution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes the 'in-memory' representation of feature data?

<p>Feature Layer (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

People (GIS)

Researchers, technicians, analysts that ask questions, choose, collect, analyze data and interpret results

Hardware (GIS)

Computer systems, technical equipment, and networks where GIS operates

Data (GIS)

Spatial data that is spatially located, including vector, raster and image data

Software (GIS)

Provides functions needed to store, analyze and display geographic information

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Methods (GIS)

Guidelines, specs, procedure and standards for analyzing and applying GIS

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Vector Data Model

Spatial data model using points, lines and polygons to represent geographic features

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Raster Data Model

A spatial data model that uses pixels/cells

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Features (vector data model)

Objects (point, line, polygon) on a digital map

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Feature Class

Same type of geographic entity are grouped into this

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Attributes (vector data model)

Non-spatial information about a geographic feature.

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ArcGIS project

Collection of related items, maps, layouts, tables, charts, data connections

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Map view

Displays a collection of layers drawn in a order for a given map extent and map projection

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Feature

Representation of a real-world object on a map

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Feature Class

Recorded in a vector file thematically

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Feature Layer

Created when you add a feature class (data) to the map

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Map View

Displays the data in a view

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Layout View

layout view where virtual papers are made

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Shapefile

Non-proprietary, common sharing format

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Geodatabase files

ERSI specific

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Study Notes

  • Midterm 2 will be a 20-minute paper test with closed book questions
  • There will be a short lecture on spatial analysis in the class during the midterm

Five Components of GIS

  • People: Researchers, technicians, and analysts who ask questions, choose, collect, analyze data, and interpret results
  • Hardware: Computer systems, technical equipment, and networks that GIS operates within
  • Data: Spatial (location based) and Attribute (non-spatial) information
  • Software: Provides functions to store, analyze, and display geographic information
  • Methods: Guidelines, specs, procedures and standards for analyzing and applying GIS

Geospatial Data Models

  • Vector Data: Points, lines and polygons
  • Raster Data: Raster images comprised of grids and pixels/cells

Raster Data Model

  • Pixels or cells are used in Raster data models.
  • Useful for continuous surfaces like elevation and slope

Vector Data Model

  • Points, lines, and polygons are the basis of vector data models

The Vector Data Model

  • Objects in vector format (point, line, or polygon) represent a geographic entity on a digital map and are called "features."
  • Features representing the same type of geographic entity are grouped into a "feature class."
  • Distinct examples of a feature saved into feature classes are customers, roads and zoning

Vector Model Attributes

  • Points, Lines, and Polygons can have "Attributes," which provide non-spatial information.
  • Attributes about the geographic feature (e.g., the name of the owner of a parcel)
  • Attributes are stored in a table, similar to a spreadsheet.
  • Features are linked to their attributes in the table.

Attribute Tables

  • Each feature corresponds to one and only one record in the data table
  • When a feature is selected, its corresponding record in the table is also selected.

Features, Records and Attributes

  • An attribute table links each feature to a record (row) including its attributes

Projects in ArcGIS Pro

  • A collection of related items—maps, layouts, tables, charts, and data connections
  • The *.aprx file connects to the data, but does not save the data

ArcGIS Pro User Interface

  • Key components include the Ribbon, View and Panes

Creating a Project

  • You can name a project and decide which folder to save it in.
  • Create a folder with the same name as the project
  • A default 'geodatabase' (*.gdb) is created for the project and shares the same name

Map View / Contents

  • Displays a collection of layers 'drawn' in a particular order for a given map extent and map projection

GIS Projection

  • GIS offers the ability to analyze our world from different perspectives, and project data in different interesting ways
  • AuthaGraph Projection is an example of a special type of projection

Feature

  • A feature can represent a real-world object on a map (e.g., a tree, a school, a building, etc.)
  • Features are composed of geometry (point, line, or polygon) and spatial/location information
  • This defines a type of vector data

Feature Class

  • Feature Class consists of a collection of thematically similar features recorded in a vector file
  • Feature Class links to data
  • All features in a Feature Class share the same geographic extent, coordinate system, and attributes
  • A group of similar features is saved as a file.
  • Feature Class is not the same as a feature layer because a layer defines how the data is displayed

Feature Layer

  • Feature Layer is created by adding a feature class (data) to a map
  • A Feature Layer displays a feature, linked to the stored data on a network
  • A display includes the properties of how your data is displayed
  • Originals will not be changed unless you are in edit mode
  • the ‘in-memory’ representation of the feature data (it only ‘exists’ on your map).

Common Geospatial Data Types

  • Shapefile (non-proprietary – common sharing format)
  • Geodatabase files (ESRI-specific – more functionalities)

Shapefile

  • Shapefiles are the earlier ArcGIS data model utilizing a vector data structure
  • Open data model makes shapefiles useful for sharing data
  • Share similar basic functionality to newer data models such as data entry/display
  • Lacks some functionality (some geoprocessing, topology, network, routing, etc.)

Geodatabase

  • Geodatabases store complex data types, like rasters, vector datasets, relationships, topology, networks
  • Fully supported by ArcGIS
  • Multi-user access is possible
  • Proprietary

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