TRANSITION OF GINGIVAL HEALTH TO DISEASE
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What is the pathway from gingivitis to periodontitis?

  • Gingivitis and periodontitis are unrelated conditions
  • Gingivitis never leads to periodontitis
  • Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis if left untreated (correct)
  • Periodontitis always precedes gingivitis

    • According to the WHO, what is health?

  • The presence of physical well-being only
  • The absence of mental and social infirmity
  • A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (correct)
  • The absence of disease or infirmity

    • What is the role of host-derived inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?

  • They have no impact on periodontal disease
  • They contribute to the development and progression of periodontal disease (correct)
  • They are only involved in gingivitis
  • They prevent periodontal disease

    • What are the clinical features of healthy gingiva?

    <p>Pink, firm, and resilient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Does gingivitis always lead to periodontitis?

    <p>No, but it can progress to periodontitis if untreated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pathogenesis?

    <p>The origin and development of a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal width of keratinized tissue for gingival health?

    <p>2mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reliable indicator of gingival health?

    <p>Bleeding on probing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an intact periodontium indicate?

    <p>History of periodontitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to clinical attachment loss without periodontitis being the cause?

    <p>Recession and crown lengthening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for maintaining gingival health?

    <p>Complete plaque removal every 48 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a normal variation in gingival appearance?

    <p>Light gingival pigmentation in fair-skinned individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of healthy gingival tissues histologically?

    <p>Presence of low-grade inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in maintaining periodontal health?

    <p>Protective role despite plaque biofilm challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of bacteria associated with gingival health?

    <p>Gram-positive, facultative, non-motile cocci</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of experimental gingivitis studies regarding the development of gingivitis?

    <p>Subclinical inflammation precedes the development of gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to gingivitis after reinstating oral hygiene procedures?

    <p>Disappearance of inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transition in the bacterial community composition from gingival health to disease?

    <p>From gram-positive to gram-negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of super gingival calculus?

    <p>White and chalky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of nicotine on the gingival inflammatory response in smokers?

    <p>Suppressed due to peripheral vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from bone crest to the edge in patients with gingivitis?

    <p>1 to 2mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the color of sub gingival calculus?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the time is calculus detectable on an x-ray?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of radiographic techniques in detecting calculus on root surfaces?

    <p>Not appropriate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory of pathogenesis is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inflammatory plaque hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histological roadmap of gingivitis development and progression is referenced in the text?

    <p>Paige and Schroeder's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the stage of lesion development that involves lymphocytes, macrophages, and potential shift to gingivitis?

    <p>Early lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of gingivitis mentioned in the text?

    <p>Erythema, edema, bleeding, and color changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of diagnoses mentioned in the 2017 World Workshop classification?

    <p>Dental biofilm induced gingivitis and non-dental plaque induced gingival diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What histological feature is exhibited by gingivitis?

    <p>Hyperplastic junctional epithelium and inflammatory infiltrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pathway from gingivitis to periodontitis?

    <p>Gingivitis can progress to periodontitis if left untreated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of healthy gingiva?

    <p>Pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of host-derived inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease?

    <p>They contribute to the progression of periodontal disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of pathogenesis?

    <p>The origin and development of a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the clinical presentation of healthy gingiva?

    <p>Pink, firm, and resilient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of experimental gingivitis studies regarding the development of gingivitis?

    <p>Gingivitis develops if oral hygiene procedures are not reinstated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of subgingival calculus due to?

    <p>Oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage of time that calculus is detectable on an x-ray?

    <p>44%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of nicotine on the gingival inflammatory response in smokers?

    <p>Suppressed inflammatory response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of radiographs in diagnosing gingivitis?

    <p>Cannot diagnose gingivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of supergingival calculus?

    <p>White and chalky</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary determinant of gingivitis?

    <p>Subgingival biofilm composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal width of attached gingiva for gingival health?

    <p>1mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of gingival health in terms of probing depths?

    <p>Probing depths not exceeding 4mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the influence of plaque removal frequency on maintaining gingival health?

    <p>Complete plaque removal every 48 hours is essential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reliable indicator of gingival health?

    <p>Absence of bleeding on probing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of gingival pigmentation in fair-skinned and blond individuals?

    <p>Lighter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are normal variations in gingival appearance?

    <p>Stippling and pigmentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological feature exhibited by gingivitis?

    <p>Hyperplastic junctional epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory of pathogenesis is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Inflammatory plaque hypothesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the color of subgingival calculus?

    <p>Brown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of experimental gingivitis studies regarding the development of gingivitis?

    <p>Gingivitis is reversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a reliable indicator of gingival health?

    <p>Keratinized tissue width</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in maintaining periodontal health?

    <p>Protecting against bacterial invasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of neutrophils in maintaining periodontal health?

    <p>Neutrophils play a fundamental role in maintaining periodontal health despite plaque biofilm challenges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of bacteria associated with gingival health?

    <p>Gram-positive, facultative, non-motile cocci, and streptococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the histological feature exhibited by healthy gingiva?

    <p>Dense, organized collagen bundles in the connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of experimental gingivitis studies regarding the development of gingivitis?

    <p>Subclinical inflammation precedes the development of gingivitis during the early phase of plaque development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the transition in the bacterial community composition from gingival health to disease?

    <p>From gram-positive to gram-negative, rods, motile, facultative, and obligate anaerobes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of clinical gingival health?

    <p>An intact lamina dura and no evidence of bone loss within 1-2mm from the edge to the alveolar crest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Understanding Gingivitis and Periodontitis Progression

    • The text discusses the identification, diagnosis, and progression of gingivitis and periodontitis.
    • It mentions multiple theories of pathogenesis including nonspecific plaque, specific plaque, and ecological plaque hypotheses.
    • It references Paige and Schroeder's histological roadmap of gingivitis development and progression to periodontitis.
    • It outlines the stages of lesion development: initial, early, established, and advanced.
    • The initial lesion shows increased gingival fluid and cellular response but appears healthy clinically.
    • The early lesion involves lymphocytes, macrophages, collagen breakdown, and potential shift to gingivitis.
    • The established lesion exhibits leaky pocket epithelium and definite gingivitis.
    • The advanced lesion is irreversible with plasma cells, clinical attachment loss, and connective tissue/bone loss.
    • The text explains the clinical presentation of gingivitis, including erythema, edema, bleeding, and color changes.
    • The 2017 World Workshop classification mentions two types of diagnoses: dental biofilm induced gingivitis and non-dental plaque induced gingival diseases.
    • Gingivitis can be localized or generalized and can occur in various periodontal conditions.
    • Histologically, gingivitis exhibits hyperplastic junctional epithelium, inflammatory infiltrate, connective tissue alterations, and inflammatory cells.

    Gingival Health and Disease: Key Points

    • Healthy gingival tissues can have evidence of low-grade inflammation histologically, even in the absence of clinically detectable inflammation.
    • Gingival tissues have protective mechanisms such as an intact epithelial barrier, outflow of gingival fluid, presence of neutrophils and macrophages, and antibodies in the gingival fluid.
    • Disruptions in the epithelial barrier can lead to bacterial invasion and inflammation.
    • Neutrophils play a fundamental role in maintaining periodontal health despite plaque biofilm challenges.
    • Histologically, healthy gingiva shows dense, organized collagen bundles in the connective tissue.
    • Clinical gingival health is characterized by an intact lamina dura and no evidence of bone loss within 1-2mm from the edge to the alveolar crest.
    • Bacteria associated with gingival health include gram-positive, facultative, non-motile cocci, and streptococci.
    • Transition from gingival health to gingivitis and periodontitis involves a shift in the bacterial community from gram-positive to gram-negative, rods, motile, facultative, and obligate anaerobes.
    • Experimental gingivitis studies demonstrate that subclinical inflammation precedes the development of gingivitis during the early phase of plaque development.
    • Gingivitis is reversible, as demonstrated by the disappearance of inflammation after reinstating oral hygiene procedures.
    • The transition from gingival health to disease is accompanied by changes in the composition of the bacterial community, from gram-positive to gram-negative, rods, and eventually to spiral sheets in pockets.
    • The pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis involves a transition from a healthy status to a disease status, with the bacterial community composition changing accordingly.

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    Transition of Gingival Health to Disease PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of gingivitis and periodontitis progression with this quiz. Explore the stages of lesion development, clinical presentation, and histological features. Brush up on the identification, diagnosis, and classification of these common oral health conditions.

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