Gingival Overgrowth Overview
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Questions and Answers

What classification grade indicates no signs of gingival enlargement?

  • Grade 0 (correct)
  • Grade 2
  • Grade 3
  • Grade 1

    • Which descriptors can be included in contemporaneous notes for a patient with DIGO?

  • Pulsation, Consistency, Size, Duration
  • Symmetry, Color, Mobility, Pain
  • Classification, Scoring Guide, Shape, Nodules (correct)
  • Odor, Texture, Depth, Surface area

    • Which medication is commonly known to cause DIGO?

  • Atorvastatin
  • Lisinopril
  • Amlodipine (correct)
  • Ramipril

    • Which statement accurately describes plaque?

    <p>Plaque is a mineralised film that can be both supra and sub gingival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What degree of enlargement is characterized by involvement confined to the interdental papillae?

    <p>Grade 1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor in classifying gingival overgrowth?

    <p>Severity of symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common drug group associated with drug-induced gingival overgrowth?

    <p>Anticonvulsants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical feature is typically associated with gingival overgrowth?

    <p>Increased plaque accumulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of assessing a patient with gingival overgrowth?

    <p>To classify the type of overgrowth (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of gingival overgrowth can significantly impact oral health?

    <p>Interference with normal chewing function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is not classified as a calcium channel blocker?

    <p>Strontium Ranelate (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does cellular hyperplasia indicate?

    <p>An increase in the number of individual cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is treated with phenytoin?

    <p>Epilepsy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is used as an immunosuppressant?

    <p>Tacrolimus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two key aspects of gingival enlargement?

    <p>Proliferation and Intensification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of sodium valproate?

    <p>Treating epilepsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about cellular hypotrophy is correct?

    <p>It denotes a reduction in cell size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is not associated with the use of calcium channel blockers?

    <p>Parkinson’s Disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a gingival condition that is confined to the interdental papillae?

    <p>Papillary (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an instruction to improve plaque control?

    <p>Single tufted brushes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anti-convulsant can be used for treating epilepsy?

    <p>Vigabatrin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a compromising factor due to DIGO?

    <p>Increased caries (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is known for treating inflammatory bowel diseases?

    <p>Tacrolimus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a discrete gingival enlargement?

    <p>An isolated enlargement (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is not listed under anti-convulsants?

    <p>Amlodipine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would NOT be considered a factor in managing DIGO?

    <p>Infrequent dental visits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Gingival Overgrowth

    Excessive growth of gum tissue often leading to problems in oral health.

    Differentiating Hyperplasia

    The process of distinguishing between gingival overgrowth and hyperplasia.

    Pathological Processes

    The underlying diseases or conditions leading to gingival enlargement.

    Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

    Gingival overgrowth caused by certain medications, often anticonvulsants or calcium channel blockers.

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    Impact on Oral Health

    The effects of gingival overgrowth on the health of the mouth and overall well-being of the patient.

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    Amlodipine

    A drug used to treat hypertension and angina pectoris.

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    Felodipine

    A medication for peripheral vascular disease and cardiac arrhythmia.

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    Nifedipine

    A calcium channel blocker for hypertension and angina.

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    Verapamil Hydrochloride

    A drug that treats high blood pressure and heart conditions.

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    Diltiazem Hydrochloride

    Medication for hypertension and angina, a calcium channel blocker.

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    Phenytoin

    An anticonvulsant used to treat epilepsy and some nerve pains.

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    Tacrolimus

    An immunosuppressant used for organ transplant and autoimmune diseases.

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    Sodium Valproate

    An anticonvulsant effective in treating epilepsy and bipolar disorder.

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    Gingival Enlargement

    Increase in the size of the gingiva and papillae of the teeth.

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    DIGO Descriptors

    Descriptors used to note characteristics of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO).

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    Alternative to Amlodipine

    Other medications that do not cause gingival overgrowth, like Ramipril.

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    Plaque Function

    Plaque acts as a protective film on teeth but can cause oral issues if not managed.

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    Cellular Hyperplasia

    An increase in the number of individual cells.

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    Cellular Hypotrophy

    An increase in the size of individual cells.

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    Diffuse

    Involves the gingivae throughout the mouth.

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    Discrete

    An isolated enlargement, such as an abscess.

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    Plaque Control Instructions

    Instructions to improve plaque control for patients with DIGO.

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    Compromising Factors of DIGO

    Factors like speech and aesthetics affected by DIGO.

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    Study Notes

    Gingival Overgrowth

    • Gingival overgrowth is a condition involving enlargement of the gums.
    • It is often associated with specific medications (Calcium Channel Blockers, Anti-Convulsants).
    • Identifying clinical features is important for diagnosis.
    • Classifying gingival overgrowth is crucial (Papillary, Generalised, Discrete, Diffuse).
    • Drug-induced gingival overgrowth is a significant concern.
    • Potential causative factors need to be categorized for effective management.
    • Assessment methods for patients with gingival overgrowth should be selected.
    • Impact on oral health and well-being of the patient should be evaluated.
    • Management strategies/recommendations should be given.

    Definitions

    • Hyperplasia: An increase in the number of cells.
    • Overgrowth: An increase in the size of tissue.
    • Cellular hyperplasia: An increase in the number of individual cells.
    • Cellular hypotrophy: An increase in the size of individual cells.
    • Diffuse: Occurring throughout the mouth.
    • Discrete: Occurring in specific areas.
    • Papillary: Confined to the interdental papillae or around the teeth.
    • Generalised: Involving all the gingiva throughout the mouth.

    Patient Instructions for Plaque Control

    • Tooth brushing techniques (manual or electric brushes).
    • Use of interdental cleaners (floss or brushes).
    • Use of disclosing tablets to highlight plaque deposits for better awareness.
    • Importance of regular hygienist/therapist appointments
    • Consulting primary care physician if medication is a potential cause.

    Factors Impacting Patients with Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO)

    • Speech difficulty
    • Aesthetic concerns
    • Difficulty with eating
    • Increased caries
    • Increased periodontitis
    • Delayed tooth eruption
    • Retention of primary teeth
    • Diastema
    • Mouth breathing
    • Xerostomia
    • Low self-esteem
    • Halitosis
    • Poor oral hygiene

    Grading of Gingival Overgrowth

    • Grade 0: No signs of gingival enlargement.
    • Grade 1: Gingival enlargement confined to interdental papillae.
    • Grade 2: Gingival enlargement involving the interdental papillae and gingival margins.
    • Grade 3: Gingival enlargement covering more than three-quarters of the crown of the tooth.

    Medications and Gingival Overgrowth

    • Certain medications, such as Calcium Channel Blockers (Amlodipine, Felodipine, Nicardipine) and Anticonvulsants (Phenytoin), can contribute to gingival overgrowth.
    • Alternative medications should be considered if the patient has gingival overgrowth due to their current medication. Alternative medication recommendations are provided.

    Plaque and Gingival Overgrowth

    • Plaque is a mineralized film covering the teeth (can be supra or subgingival).
    • Plaque prevents cavities by covering teeth and preventing sugar attacks; this is not a concerning factor in terms of gingival overgrowth.
    • Plaque is always an exacerbating factor in terms of oral health.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essential aspects of gingival overgrowth, including its causes, clinical features, and management strategies. Understanding the relationship between specific medications and this condition, along with the classification of overgrowth types, is vital for effective patient care. Evaluate your knowledge on this important oral health topic.

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