Gingival Overgrowth in Dental Studies
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Questions and Answers

What is the correct term for an increase in the size of individual cells?

  • Cellular hyperplasia
  • Cellular atrophy
  • Cellular apoptosis
  • Cellular hypertrophy (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cellular hypertrophy?

  • Increased functional capacity
  • Increased organ size
  • Increased cell number (correct)
  • Increased protein synthesis

What is the correct definition of the term 'diffuse'?

  • Spread out over a large area (correct)
  • Clearly defined and separate
  • Relating to the papillae
  • Referring to a specific type of cell

What term refers to clearly defined and separate structures or units?

<p>Discrete (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these options is associated with the gingiva?

<p>Papillary layer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of gingival overgrowth corresponds to enlargement covering three quarters or more of the crown of the tooth?

<p>Grade 3 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the grade of gingival overgrowth where enlargement is confined to the interdental papillae?

<p>Grade 1 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which grade of gingival overgrowth are there no signs of enlargement?

<p>Grade 0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of gingival overgrowth involves papilla and gingival margins?

<p>Grade 2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be included in contemporaneous notes for a patient presenting with DIGO?

<p>Patient's blood pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to note the appearance, including color and texture, of gingival overgrowth in a patient with DIGO?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the given scenario, what is the most likely diagnosis for the patient presenting with DIGO?

<p>Gingival hyperplasia due to medication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main aspect of the patient's history that further supports the diagnosis of DIGO in this scenario?

<p>The patient's medication history (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medical condition is associated with the use of Amlodipine?

<p>Hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines cellular hyperplasia?

<p>Increase in the number of individual cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug group is linked to cardiac arrhythmia?

<p>Calcium Channel Blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is classified as an anticonvulsant?

<p>Phenytoin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical condition associated with Phenytoin use, other than epilepsy?

<p>Down Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is commonly used to suppress the immune system in organ transplants?

<p>Tacrolimus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about gingival overgrowth is true?

<p>It can be caused by certain medications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is NOT categorized as a calcium channel blocker?

<p>Phenytoin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these pairs is correctly matched in terms of drug group and medical condition?

<p>Phenytoin - Epilepsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is managed with Felodipine?

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of generalised gingival enlargement?

<p>Involving the gingivae throughout the mouth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a recommended instruction for improving plaque control in patients with DIGO?

<p>Using a hard-bristled toothbrush twice daily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compromising factor is associated with pain associated with DIGO?

<p>Pain or discomfort when speaking or eating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential health risk that increases with the presence of DIGO?

<p>Periodontal disease and tooth decay (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tool is specifically recommended for effective plaque management in patients with DIGO?

<p>Single tufted brush (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Halitosis can be a compromising factor in patients with DIGO. What is halitosis?

<p>Bad breath (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential aesthetic concern for patients suffering from DIGO?

<p>Overgrowth of gingival tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction is key for improving oral hygiene for patients with DIGO?

<p>Interdental cleaning at least once a day (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the significant challenges faced by patients dealing with DIGO?

<p>Maintaining good oral hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach can be taken regarding medication for patients with DIGO?

<p>Consult with the patient's GP for possible medication change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct classification of Losartan?

<p>Angiotensin ll Receptor Blockers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What statement about plaque is true?

<p>Plaque is a mineralised film covering the teeth that can be supragingival or subgingival. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Lisinopril is categorized as a:

<p>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications are used to manage high blood pressure?

<p>Lisinopril and Losartan (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action for Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers?

<p>They prevent the binding of angiotensin II to its receptors, leading to vasodilation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of angiotensin II?

<p>To increase blood pressure by vasoconstriction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most significant consequence of plaque buildup on teeth?

<p>It can lead to cavities and gum disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between Lisinopril and Losartan in terms of their action on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)?

<p>Lisinopril blocks the production of angiotensin II, while Losartan blocks its receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cellular hypertrophy

An increase in the size of individual cells.

Diffuse

A term used to describe something that is scattered or spread out.

Discrete

A term used to describe something that is distinct or separate.

Papillary

A small, nipple-like projection, often found on the surface of tissues.

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Grade 1 Gingival Overgrowth

Enlargement of the gums that is limited to the area between the teeth (interdental papillae).

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Grade 2 Gingival Overgrowth

Enlargement of the gums that involves both the papillae and the margins of the gums.

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Grade 3 Gingival Overgrowth

Enlargement of the gums that covers at least three-quarters of the crown of the tooth.

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Grade 0 Gingival Overgrowth

There are no signs of gum enlargement.

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DIGO

A general descriptor for drug-induced gingival overgrowth caused by any medication.

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Localized Gingival Overgrowth

When the gingival overgrowth affects a specific area of the gums. For example, only the front teeth.

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Generalized Gingival Overgrowth

When the gingival overgrowth affects most or all of the gums in the mouth.

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Appearance of Gingiva

The appearance of the gingiva, including its color and texture. For example, red, swollen, and spongy.

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Plaque: What is it?

A film of bacteria that forms on the surface of teeth, leading to cavities.

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Plaque: Is it good or bad?

It's a key factor in causing cavities.

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Alternative medications: Examples?

Lisinopril and Losartan are examples of alternative medications that can be considered if a patient experiences side effects.

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What does ACEI stand for?

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor.

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What does ARB stand for?

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers.

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What class of drugs do these drugs belong to?

ACEIs and ARBs, both belong to the class of drugs known as antihypertensive medications.

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Antihypertensive Medications: What are they used for?

This is a type of drug that is used to treat high blood pressure.

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How do ACEIs work?

These medications work by blocking the action of Angiotensin I.

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Localized gingival inflammation

Gingival inflammation affecting the interdental papillae only.

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Generalized gingival inflammation

Gingival inflammation affecting the entire gingiva.

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Isolated gingival enlargement

A localized enlargement in the gum tissue, often caused by an abscess.

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Diffuse gingival inflammation

Gingival inflammation involving the gingival margins, attached gingiva, and interdental papillae.

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Soft toothbrush

A soft-bristled toothbrush used twice daily for oral hygiene.

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Interdental cleaning

Cleaning between teeth once daily, using floss or interdental brushes.

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Regular dental check-ups

Regular dental check-ups and reviews to monitor oral health conditions.

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Medication changes

Potential changes in medication, in consultation with a patient's physician.

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Single-tufted brush

A special type of brush designed to clean specific areas of the gums.

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Pain and discomfort during speaking and eating

Pain or discomfort experienced while speaking or eating due to gingival inflammation.

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Cellular Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.

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Gingival Overgrowth

An abnormal increase in the size of the gingiva (gums), often caused by medications, hormonal changes, or certain medical conditions.

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Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

A type of gingival overgrowth caused by medications, typically those affecting calcium channels, anticonvulsants, or immunosuppressants.

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Calcium Channel Blockers

Calcium channel blockers are medications used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions.

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Amlodipine

A medication commonly used to treat high blood pressure and heart conditions, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Phenytoin

A medication used to treat epilepsy, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Carbamazepine

A medication used to treat epilepsy, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Tacrolimus

A medication used to suppress the immune system, often after organ transplants or to treat autoimmune disorders, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Felodipine

A medication used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Cardizem

A medication used to treat cardiac arrhythmias, known to cause gingival overgrowth.

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Study Notes

Gingival Overgrowth

  • This document is for a student named Nicole Ollivier
  • The topic is Gingival Overgrowth
  • The document is from Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London Hospitals
  • The information is intended to supplement lectures and presentations on Gingival Overgrowth.

Introduction

  • The handbook accompanies lectures and presentations on gingival overgrowth.
  • The handbook covers the definition of gingival overgrowth, differentiating it from hyperplasia, pathological processes that cause enlargement, classification, location, distribution, scoring guides, and drug-induced gingival overgrowth.
  • Workbook exercises are to be completed in conjunction with the study material for directed learning.
  • By the end of the session, students are expected to identify clinical features of gingival overgrowth, categorize potential causes, select appropriate assessment methods, correctly identify gingival overgrowth classifications, site locations in the mouth and evaluate its effect on overall oral health.

Drug Groups Associated with Drug-Induced Gingival Overgrowth

  • A table outlines various drug groups and associated medical conditions.
  • Examples include calcium channel blockers, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants, linked to conditions like hypertension, cardiac diseases, epilepsy, and organ transplant, respectively.
    • The corresponding drug names are listed alongside each condition.

Questions & Answers

Question 2

  • The statement "Gingival hyperplasia is an overgrowth of the gingival tissue that encompasses individual gingival units" is to be completed with the word "Proliferation and Intensification".

Question 3

  • The question asks if Cellular hypotrophy is an increase in the size of the individual cell. The answer is "False".

Question 4

  • Match the word Diffuse from the options with its definition.

Question 5

  • List five instructions for a patient suffering with gingivitis (DIGO) to improve plaque control. The answer includes:
    • Using a soft toothbrush twice daily.
    • Interdental cleaning using floss or interdental brushes once a day.
    • Regular checkups/ reviews with a dentist to monitor their condition.
    • Consideration of possible changes to medication with a general practitioner (GP).
    • Using a single tufted toothbrush.

Question 6

  • List five compromising factors impacting patients with gingivitis.
    • Pain or discomfort during speech or eating.
    • Aesthetic concerns.
    • Increased risk of periodontal disease and tooth decay.
    • Difficulty maintaining good oral hygiene.
    • Halitosis.

Question 7

  • Correctly match Grades (1, 2, 3, 0) with their corresponding definitions describing gingival enlargement. The precise locations of the enlargements are featured in the detailed definitions.

Question 8

  • Patients taking medication for gingival overgrowth, such as Amlodipine, should also be informed about possible alternative treatments or medication changes that may not cause gingival overgrowth.

Question 10

  • The correct statement regarding plaque is: "Plaque is a protective film covering the tooth surface, preventing sugar attacks, and is an innocuous substance."

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Related Documents

Gingival Overgrowth Workbook PDF

Description

This handbook is designed for students studying gingival overgrowth and is intended to complement lectures at Eastman Dental Hospital. It covers definitions, classifications, causes, and assessment methods related to gingival overgrowth. Engaging workbook exercises are included to enhance understanding and application of the material.

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