Giardiasis Life Cycle

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Match the following parasite types with their characteristics:

Microparasite = Small, unicellular, multiplies within vertebrate host Macroparasite = Large, multicellular, no direct reproduction within vertebrate host Ectoparasite = Live on the surface of the body Endoparasite = Live within the body of the host

Match the following parasite classifications with their examples:

Protozoa = Microparasites Helminths = Macroparasites Viruses = Excluded from the term 'parasite' Bacteria = Excluded from the term 'parasite'

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Infection = Invasion by endoparasites Infestation = Infection by ectoparasites Parasitology = Study of organisms dependent on others for life cycle and metabolic needs Medical parasitology = Deals with parasites infecting man and related diseases

Match the following parasite vectors with their role:

Ectoparasites = Transmitting pathogenic microorganisms Endoparasites = Not involved in transmitting pathogens Viruses = Excluded from parasite vectors Bacteria = Excluded from parasite vectors Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasite types with their descriptions:

Obligate parasites = Organisms cannot exist without a host Facultative parasites = Organisms may live either as parasites or free-living Accidental parasites = Organisms that attack an unusual host Aberrant parasites = Organisms that attack a host where they cannot develop further Signup and view all the answers

Match the following host types with their definitions:

Definitive host = Harbors the adult parasite and allows sexual replication Intermediate host = Harbors larval or asexual stages of a parasite Paratenic host = Host in which parasite larvae survive but do not develop further Reservoir host = Host that can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects Signup and view all the answers

Match the following host-parasite relationships with their descriptions:

Symbiosis = Association where both host and parasite are dependent on each other Commensalism = Association where only the parasite benefits without harming the host Parasitism = One partner (parasite) harms or lives at the expense of the other (host) Compromised host = Host with impaired defense mechanisms, highly susceptible to pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Match the following protozoa phyla with their classifications:

Sarcomastigophora = Contains amoeba and flagellates Apicomplexa = Contains Sporozoa Ciliophora = Contains Ciliates Microspora = Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Trophozoites = Active, feeding form of the parasite Cysts = Dormant, infective form of the parasite Excystation = Process where the cyst wall is lysed, releasing trophozoites Encystation = Process where chromatin material is concentrated into cysts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following locations with their descriptions:

Large Intestine = Where trophozoites grow and multiply by binary fission Liver = Where trophozoites from the ulcer in the large intestine multiply, causing liver abscesses Small Intestine = Where metacystic trophozoites are carried into the caecum in the faecal stream Mucosa and Submucosa = Habitat of trophozoites in the large intestine Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associations:

Amoebic Dysentery = Symptom of profuse bloody diarrhea caused by E.histolytica Amoebic Hepatitis = Result of trophozoites gaining entrance into radicles of portal vein and multiplying in the liver Amoebomas = Pseudotumoral lesions associated with necrosis, inflammation, and oedema caused by E.histolytica Hepatic Amoebiasis = Development of liver abscesses due to multiplication of trophozoites in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Match the following factors with their effects on pathogenicity:

Virulence of Strain = Determines how aggressive the infection will be Resistance of Host = Dependent on innate immunity, affects susceptibility to infection State of Nutrition = Can influence how well the host can fight off the infection Infection with Other Agents = Can make a host more or less susceptible to infection Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

Fever, Chills, and Diarrhea = Common symptoms experienced after E.histolytica infection Abdominal Discomfort or No Symptoms = Some individuals may have mild or no symptoms at all Bloody or White Mucus in Diarrhea = Indication of a more severe infection Symptoms Starting 2 or More Weeks After Infection = Delayed onset of symptoms after being infected Signup and view all the answers

Match the following methods with the correct description:

Microscopic identification = Common method for diagnosing E.histolytica Blood examination = Shows moderate leukocytosis Serological tests = In later stages of invasive amoebiasis, antibodies appear Histology = Trophozoites can be identified in aspirates or biopsy samples obtained during colonoscopy or surgery Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drugs with their recommended use:

Paromomycin = Drug of choice for asymptomatic infections Metronidazole = Drug of choice for symptomatic intestinal or extraintestinal infections Iodoquinol = Drug immediately followed by treatment with paromomycin or iodoquinol Tinidazole = Drug immediately followed by treatment with paromomycin or iodoquinol Signup and view all the answers

Match the following nonpathogenic amoebae with their distinguishing characteristics:

Entamoeba dispar = Smaller in size compared to E.histolytica Entamoeba hartmanni = Contains a large glycogen vacuole that stains darkly with iodine Entamoeba coli = Both the trophozoite and cyst have one nucleus with a large endosome Endolimax nana = Mature cysts contain 4 nuclei Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct description of Naegleria fowleri:

Found in warm freshwater and soil near warm-water discharges = Opportunistic amoeba causing naegleriasis Inhaled through the nose, entering nasal and olfactory nerve tissue = Pathogenic form is the invasive stage of the parasite Does not form a cyst in human tissue, only amoeboid trophozoite stage exists = Cysts and flagellate forms never found in tissues or CSF Causes rapidly fatal infection known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis = Patient develops severe frontal headache, fever, and signs of meningeal irritation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following stages with their characteristics:

Excystation = Release of trophozoites in the large intestine Encystation = Formation of resistant cysts in the life cycle Binary fission = Multiplication of trophozoites in the duodenum Division of nucleus = Mitotic division of the nucleus in Trichomonas vaginalis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic methods with their descriptions:

General Stool Examination (GSE) = Identification of cysts in formed stool and trophozoites in diarrheal stool ELISA = Detection of anti-Giardia antibodies in patients' serum Entero test (string test) = Specimen aspiration from the upper intestine using a gelatin capsule with a nylon string Biopsy = Confirmation of giardiasis diagnosis through examination of duodenal and jejunal tissues Signup and view all the answers

Match the following treatments with their effects:

Metronidazole = Antibiotic causing nausea Tinidazole = Effective single-dose treatment for giardiasis Furazolidone = Popular option for treating giardiasis in children Antibiotics = Common treatment for giardiasis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following parasites with their characteristics:

Giardia lamblia = Causes severe diarrhea of steatorrhea type Chilomastix mesnili = Non-pathogenic, often co-occurs with other parasites Trichomonas vaginalis = Flagellated parasite causing trichomoniasis Commensal parasite = Considered non-pathogenic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

Steatorrhea = Symptom associated with severe diarrhea caused by Giardia lamblia Epigastric pain = Symptom commonly experienced with giardiasis Jaundice = May result from localization of parasite in biliary tract Flatulence = Symptom associated with giardiasis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with the correct description:

Vaginal discharge = One of the signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis in females Irritation = One of the signs and symptoms of trichomoniasis in females Dysuria = Symptom that infected males are usually asymptomatic for Low abdominal discomfort = Symptom that infected females may experience Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct species of trichomonads:

T.tenax = Species causing infection in a specific part of the body Pentatrichomonas hominis = Species found in the intestinal tract of human beings T.vaginalis = Species causing trichomoniasis in females Signup and view all the answers

Match the following diagnostic methods with their descriptions:

Microscopic examination = Most traditional method for diagnosing trichomoniasis Culture T.vaginalis isolation = Method that can be done on urethral and vaginal exudates Classic symptoms diagnosis = Not a reliable method due to symptom similarity with other STDs Laboratory diagnosis = Involves more than just relying on clinical symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Match the following information with the correct treatment method:

Nitroimidazole antibiotics = Effective treatment for curing trichomoniasis Metronidazole or tinidazole = Specific antibiotics used for treating trichomoniasis Chronic infections risk = Reduced by proper antimicrobial treatment Developing countries cases = Where accessing healthcare and facilities for treatment is challenging Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Vector = An agent that transmits infection from one human host to another Reservoir host = A host that can harbor a pathogen indefinitely with no ill effects Trophozoite = The active feeding stage of a protozoan parasite Cyst = The dormant transmission stage of a protozoan parasite Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

Giardia lamblia = Intestinal flagellate with trophozoite and cyst stages Amoebae = Motile parasites found in CSF Amphotericin B = Toxic drug used as an antinaeglerial agent Mechanical vector = Type of vector that assists in transferring parasitic forms between hosts Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with the correct term:

N. fowleri cultivation method = Placing CSF on non-nutrient agar spread with bacteria Life cycle of Giardia lamblia = Consists of trophozoite and cyst stages Purpose of wet-mount preparation = To demonstrate motile amoebae in fresh CSF specimen Treatment for PAM = No satisfactory treatment available at present Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their examples:

Biological vector = Transmits pathogenic organism after development and multiplication Microscopy of CSF = Used to demonstrate motile amoebae in a simple wet-mount preparation Natural reservoirs = Hosts that elucidate complete life cycle of infectious diseases Axostyle and ventral disk presence = Characteristics of Giardia lamblia Signup and view all the answers

Medical parasitology only deals with parasites that infect animals, not humans.

False Signup and view all the answers

Microparasites are large, multicellular organisms that reproduce outside their host.

False Signup and view all the answers

Ectoparasites live inside the body of the host.

False Signup and view all the answers

All protozoan and helminthic parasites of man are considered endoparasites.

True Signup and view all the answers

Infestations are caused by endoparasites living within the host's body.

False Signup and view all the answers

Parasites that multiply outside their vertebrate host are known as macroparasites.

False Signup and view all the answers

A facultative parasite may live either a parasitic or a free-living existence under unfavorable circumstances.

True Signup and view all the answers

Accidental parasites always attack their usual host.

False Signup and view all the answers

Aberrant parasites can develop further in a host where they cannot live.

False Signup and view all the answers

Definitive hosts harbor the adult parasite where it replicates sexually.

True Signup and view all the answers

Intermediate hosts only harbor the larval stage of a parasite.

False Signup and view all the answers

Reservoir hosts can harbor a pathogen indefinitely without any negative effects on themselves.

True Signup and view all the answers

Symbiosis refers to an association where both host and parasite benefit from each other without causing harm.

True Signup and view all the answers

Commensalism is an association where the parasite harms the host.

False Signup and view all the answers

Zoonosis refers to a disease that can be transmitted from humans to animals under natural conditions.

False Signup and view all the answers

Protozoa are multicellular animals in the kingdom Protista.

False Signup and view all the answers

The trophozoites of E. histolytica ingest erythrocytes.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cysts of E. histolytica can remain viable in a dry environment for several days.

False Signup and view all the answers

Flies and cockroaches can serve as vectors for the transmission of E. histolytica cysts.

True Signup and view all the answers

Each mature cyst of E. histolytica gives rise to four small metacystic trophozoites.

False Signup and view all the answers

E. histolytica secretes a proteolytic enzyme that leads to the destruction and necrosis of tissue.

True Signup and view all the answers

E. histolytica and E. dispar are morphologically distinguishable species.

False Signup and view all the answers

Intestinal amoebiasis caused by E. histolytica may result in profuse bloody diarrhea.

True Signup and view all the answers

Individuals with intestinal amoebiasis may develop hepatic amoebiasis 1-3 weeks after the disappearance of dysentery.

True Signup and view all the answers

Amoebic liver abscesses caused by E. histolytica may involve various organs such as lungs and brain.

True Signup and view all the answers

The pathogenicity of E. histolytica depends on factors such as virulence of strain, resistance of host, and state of nutrition.

True Signup and view all the answers

Adhesion of T.vaginalis to vaginal epithelial cells is not an important step in pathogenesis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in females may include low abdominal discomfort.

True Signup and view all the answers

Infected males with trichomoniasis are usually symptomatic.

False Signup and view all the answers

T.vaginalis can only be isolated from urethral exudates.

False Signup and view all the answers

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis by microscopic examination is not a traditional method.

False Signup and view all the answers

Trichomoniasis can be cured with nitroimidazole antibiotics.

True Signup and view all the answers

N. fowleri can be cultivated on nutrient agar at 25°C.

False Signup and view all the answers

The only way to diagnose PAM is during autopsies.

False Signup and view all the answers

Antibacterial antibiotics are effective in treating PAM.

False Signup and view all the answers

Amphotericin B is a drug effective against N. fowleri.

True Signup and view all the answers

Giardia lamblia lacks mitochondria.

True Signup and view all the answers

Humans can be considered biological vectors for some diseases.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cysts are the stage where Giardia lamblia transmits infection.

True Signup and view all the answers

Mechanical vectors are essential in the life cycle of the parasite.

False Signup and view all the answers

Giardia lamblia trophozoites have four pairs of flagella.

False Signup and view all the answers

Humans can act as reservoir hosts for certain pathogens without showing symptoms.

True Signup and view all the answers

Entamoeba dispar is morphologically identical to Entamoeba histolytica.

True Signup and view all the answers

Blood examination for Entamoeba histolytica shows severe leukocytosis.

False Signup and view all the answers

Histology is a method used to identify trophozoites in aspirates during colonoscopy or surgery for Entamoeba histolytica.

True Signup and view all the answers

Iodamoeba butschlii is morphologically identical to Entamoeba histolytica.

False Signup and view all the answers

Naegleria fowleri can form cysts in human tissue.

False Signup and view all the answers

Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) caused by Naegleria fowleri leads to death within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms.

False Signup and view all the answers

Infection with Naegleria fowleri is acquired by ingestion of contaminated water.

False Signup and view all the answers

Metronidazole is the drug of choice for asymptomatic infections of Entamoeba histolytica.

False Signup and view all the answers

Entamoeba dispar can be distinguished from Entamoeba histolytica by its larger size.

False Signup and view all the answers

ELISA, IHA, and IFA are serological tests used for diagnosing Entamoeba histolytica.

True Signup and view all the answers

When ingested, each cyst of Giardia lamblia develops into four trophozoites.

False Signup and view all the answers

Giardia lamblia can penetrate the intestinal wall causing severe inflammation.

False Signup and view all the answers

Metronidazole is a popular antibiotic treatment for giardiasis that has no side effects.

False Signup and view all the answers

Chilomastix mesnili is considered pathogenic and causes severe diarrhea.

False Signup and view all the answers

Trichomonas vaginalis has a cystic stage in its life cycle.

False Signup and view all the answers

Giardia lamblia can lead to chronic cholecystitis when it localizes in the biliary tract.

True Signup and view all the answers

Ingestion of Chilomastix mesnili cysts can lead to infection through contaminated water or food.

True Signup and view all the answers

Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for trichomoniasis, transmitted primarily through oral sex.

False Signup and view all the answers

Entero test involves swallowing a gelatin capsule with a spool of nylon string that is used to aspirate specimens from the lower intestine.

False Signup and view all the answers

Furazolidone is not a suitable option for treating giardiasis in children.

False Signup and view all the answers

Giardiasis Life Cycle

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Questions and Answers

Match the following parasite types with their characteristics:

Match the following parasite classifications with their examples:

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Match the following parasite vectors with their role:

Match the following parasite types with their descriptions:

Match the following host types with their definitions:

Match the following host-parasite relationships with their descriptions:

Match the following protozoa phyla with their classifications:

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Match the following locations with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their associations:

Match the following factors with their effects on pathogenicity:

Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

Match the following methods with the correct description:

Match the following drugs with their recommended use:

Match the following nonpathogenic amoebae with their distinguishing characteristics:

Match the following statements with the correct description of Naegleria fowleri:

Match the following stages with their characteristics:

Match the following diagnostic methods with their descriptions:

Match the following treatments with their effects:

Match the following parasites with their characteristics:

Match the following symptoms with their descriptions:

Match the following symptoms with the correct description:

Match the following statements with the correct species of trichomonads:

Match the following diagnostic methods with their descriptions:

Match the following information with the correct treatment method:

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

Match the following statements with the correct term:

Match the following terms with their examples:

Medical parasitology only deals with parasites that infect animals, not humans.

Microparasites are large, multicellular organisms that reproduce outside their host.

Ectoparasites live inside the body of the host.

All protozoan and helminthic parasites of man are considered endoparasites.

Infestations are caused by endoparasites living within the host's body.

Parasites that multiply outside their vertebrate host are known as macroparasites.

A facultative parasite may live either a parasitic or a free-living existence under unfavorable circumstances.

Accidental parasites always attack their usual host.

Aberrant parasites can develop further in a host where they cannot live.

Definitive hosts harbor the adult parasite where it replicates sexually.

Intermediate hosts only harbor the larval stage of a parasite.

Reservoir hosts can harbor a pathogen indefinitely without any negative effects on themselves.

Symbiosis refers to an association where both host and parasite benefit from each other without causing harm.

Commensalism is an association where the parasite harms the host.

Zoonosis refers to a disease that can be transmitted from humans to animals under natural conditions.

Protozoa are multicellular animals in the kingdom Protista.

The trophozoites of E. histolytica ingest erythrocytes.

Cysts of E. histolytica can remain viable in a dry environment for several days.

Flies and cockroaches can serve as vectors for the transmission of E. histolytica cysts.

Each mature cyst of E. histolytica gives rise to four small metacystic trophozoites.

E. histolytica secretes a proteolytic enzyme that leads to the destruction and necrosis of tissue.

E. histolytica and E. dispar are morphologically distinguishable species.

Intestinal amoebiasis caused by E. histolytica may result in profuse bloody diarrhea.

Individuals with intestinal amoebiasis may develop hepatic amoebiasis 1-3 weeks after the disappearance of dysentery.

Amoebic liver abscesses caused by E. histolytica may involve various organs such as lungs and brain.

The pathogenicity of E. histolytica depends on factors such as virulence of strain, resistance of host, and state of nutrition.

Adhesion of T.vaginalis to vaginal epithelial cells is not an important step in pathogenesis.

Symptoms of trichomoniasis in females may include low abdominal discomfort.

Infected males with trichomoniasis are usually symptomatic.

T.vaginalis can only be isolated from urethral exudates.

Diagnosis of trichomoniasis by microscopic examination is not a traditional method.

Trichomoniasis can be cured with nitroimidazole antibiotics.

N. fowleri can be cultivated on nutrient agar at 25°C.

The only way to diagnose PAM is during autopsies.

Antibacterial antibiotics are effective in treating PAM.

Amphotericin B is a drug effective against N. fowleri.

Giardia lamblia lacks mitochondria.

Humans can be considered biological vectors for some diseases.

Cysts are the stage where Giardia lamblia transmits infection.

Mechanical vectors are essential in the life cycle of the parasite.

Giardia lamblia trophozoites have four pairs of flagella.

Humans can act as reservoir hosts for certain pathogens without showing symptoms.

Entamoeba dispar is morphologically identical to Entamoeba histolytica.

Blood examination for Entamoeba histolytica shows severe leukocytosis.

Histology is a method used to identify trophozoites in aspirates during colonoscopy or surgery for Entamoeba histolytica.

Iodamoeba butschlii is morphologically identical to Entamoeba histolytica.