GI Tract Structure

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Which layer of the GI tract has a predominant tissue type of epithelium?

Muscularis externa
Mucosa (correct)
Serosa
Submucosa

What is the function of the muscularis mucosae?

Protection against infectious disease
Secretion of mucus
Local movements of the mucosa (correct)
Absorption of end products of digestion

Which layer of the GI tract contains blood capillaries?

Lamina propria (correct)
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Mucosa

What is the function of the serosa?

Protection of the GI tract (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the oral cavity is responsible for bounding the lateral walls?

Cheeks (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hard palate?

Assists the tongue in chewing (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue is present in the submucosa?

Dense connective tissue (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of defensins in the oral cavity?

Releases antimicrobial peptides (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the pharynx in the digestive system?

Acting as a passageway for air and food (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the pharynx is not part of the digestive system?

Nasopharynx (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of the esophagus?

25-30 cm (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the mucosa in the esophagus?

Secreting mucus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of intrinsic salivary glands?

To supplement extrinsic glands' saliva secretion (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscles that pinch together at both ends of the esophagus?

Sphincters (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of water in saliva?

97-99.5% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the breakdown of proteins in the stomach?

Chemical breakdown (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of lysozyme in saliva?

To act as an antibacterial agent (C) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the release of thick mucin-rich saliva?

Sympathetic division of the ANS (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of inhibition of saliva secretion?

Difficulty in swallowing and eating (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of defensins in saliva?

To act as local antibiotics (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism by which food ingestion stimulates salivation?

Stimulation of mechanoreceptors in the mouth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of halitosis?

Anaerobic bacterial growth in the mouth (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the region of the stomach that surrounds the cardiac orifice?

Cardiac region (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the muscle that separates the stomach from the small intestine?

Pyloric sphincter (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the folds in the inner lining of the stomach?

Rugae (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the type of epithelium that lines the mucosal lining of the stomach?

Simple columnar epithelium (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the mucous neck cells in the stomach?

To produce a sticky alkaline mucus (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the duct that joins the duodenum at the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

Main pancreatic duct (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the valve that separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

Ileocecal valve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the longest section of the digestive tube?

Small intestine (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of incisors in the human dental structure?

Cutting or nipping (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical age range for the emergence of primary dentitions?

6-24 months (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many permanent teeth typically develop in a human lifetime?

32 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributor to the formation of dental plaque?

Bacterial activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of dental plaque accumulation if left untreated?

All of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a tooth that remains embedded in the jawbone?

Impacted tooth (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of odontoblasts in tooth development?

Secreting and maintaining dentin (B) Signup and view all the answers