Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the connective tissue papillae in the esophagus?
What is the primary function of the connective tissue papillae in the esophagus?
- Protection against shearing forces (correct)
- Digestion of ingested nutrients
- Secretion of mucus for lubrication
- Replenishment of epithelial layers
Which gastric cell type is primarily responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach lumen?
Which gastric cell type is primarily responsible for secreting hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach lumen?
- Parietal cells (correct)
- Chief cells
- Stem cells
- Mucous secreting cells
What structural adaptation in the ileum maximizes nutrient absorption?
What structural adaptation in the ileum maximizes nutrient absorption?
- Extensive villi and microvilli (correct)
- Presence of Brunner's glands
- Thick muscularis externa layer
- Abundant goblet cells
Which feature is characteristic of the colon's histological structure?
Which feature is characteristic of the colon's histological structure?
What is the role of enterocytes in the colon?
What is the role of enterocytes in the colon?
What structural component is found within the liver lobule?
What structural component is found within the liver lobule?
What is typically found within the portal triad of the liver?
What is typically found within the portal triad of the liver?
Which primary cell type is found within the liver sinusoids?
Which primary cell type is found within the liver sinusoids?
What is the main function of the gallbladder epithelium?
What is the main function of the gallbladder epithelium?
What type of epithelium lines the gallbladder?
What type of epithelium lines the gallbladder?
Which of the following is a histological feature of the exocrine pancreas?
Which of the following is a histological feature of the exocrine pancreas?
Which cells secrete glucagon in the pancreas?
Which cells secrete glucagon in the pancreas?
Which type of epithelium is found in the esophagus to protect against abrasion?
Which type of epithelium is found in the esophagus to protect against abrasion?
How is the structure of the duodenum adapted to its function of neutralizing acidic chyme?
How is the structure of the duodenum adapted to its function of neutralizing acidic chyme?
In the small intestine, what is the function of the lacteal located within each villus?
In the small intestine, what is the function of the lacteal located within each villus?
What is the primary histological difference between the ascending colon and the rectum?
What is the primary histological difference between the ascending colon and the rectum?
What is the predominant tissue type comprising the muscularis externa layer in the gastrointestinal tract?
What is the predominant tissue type comprising the muscularis externa layer in the gastrointestinal tract?
Which of the following best describes the role of stem cells located within the basal layer of the esophagus?
Which of the following best describes the role of stem cells located within the basal layer of the esophagus?
Where are Peyer's patches typically located within the ileum?
Where are Peyer's patches typically located within the ileum?
Which component of the liver lobule is responsible for the production of bile?
Which component of the liver lobule is responsible for the production of bile?
Flashcards
Mucosa
Mucosa
Innermost layer of the GI tract, consisting of epithelium, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa.
Submucosa
Submucosa
Layer of dense connective tissue containing blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves, located beneath the mucosa.
Muscularis Externa
Muscularis Externa
Consists of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of smooth muscle, responsible for peristalsis.
Serosa/Adventitia
Serosa/Adventitia
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Esophagus Epithelium
Esophagus Epithelium
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Stomach Glands
Stomach Glands
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Villi (Intestinal)
Villi (Intestinal)
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Brunner's Glands
Brunner's Glands
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Peyer's Patches
Peyer's Patches
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Goblet Cells (Colon)
Goblet Cells (Colon)
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Liver Lobule
Liver Lobule
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Portal Triad
Portal Triad
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Kupffer Cells
Kupffer Cells
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Luminal Folding
Luminal Folding
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Acinar Cells (Pancreas)
Acinar Cells (Pancreas)
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Islets of Langerhans
Islets of Langerhans
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Study Notes
Layers of the GI Tract
- Layers include the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa/adventitia
- The mucosa consists of epithelium and muscularis mucosa
- The muscularis externa has circular and longitudinal muscle layers
Esophagus
- Has stratified squamous mucosa
- Is physically protective
- Contains connective tissue papillae
- Protection from shearing forces
- Possesses a basal (stem cell) layer
- Replenishes call layers
- Has submucosal glands for lubrication
- Adventitial CT
Stomach
- Has straight or branching glands depending on location
- Possesses tall columnar epithelium with modifications
- Surface and deep mucous secreting cells protect from acid
- Contains acid-producing parietal cells and pepsin-secreting chief cells
- Also contains enteroendocrine (gastrin secretion) and stem cells
- Serosal CT (cardia and fundus) and adventitial CT (pylorus) are present
Duodenum
- Proximal small intestine
- Consists of tall columnar epithelium
- Is absorptive
- Circular folding (plicae)
- Has an opening to pancreatic duct(s)
- Includes alkaline secreting cells
- Provides protection from acidic chyme
- Features submucosal Brunner’s glands and epithelial Goblet cells
- Auerbach’s (myenteric) plexus is present for motor and sensory innervation
- Villus are supported by collagen rich lamina propria and adventitial CT
Ileum
- Longest distal portion of the small intestine
- Maximized for absorption of nutrients
- Plicae and villi are present
- Villi feature tall columnar epithelium and microvilli on enterocytes
- Scattered goblet cells and lacteal structures are present for absorption of lipids
- Complex villus glandular structure extends from base into crypts of Liberkuhns
- Submucosal lymphatic tissue and Peyer’s patches are present
- Serosal CT
Colon
- Mucosa with tubular straight glands form cross sectional “rosettes”
- Tall columnar epithelium
- Mucus secretion occurs
- Luminal absorptive enterocytes recover water and electrolytes
- Desiccation of feces occurs
- Includes Gut associated Lymphatic Tissue
- Adventitial CT (ascending and descending colon) and serosal CT (rectum, transverse colon) are present
Liver
- Key components include the liver lobule (LL), portal triad (PT), and central vein (CV)
- Portal Triad Vessel branches consist of;
- Hepatic artery (HA)-endoth, sm. musc.
- Portal vein (PV)-endoth, large
- Bile duct (BD)-cuboidal
- Contains Trichrome: Hepatocytes, Hepatic cords, Sinusoids
- Also includes Macrophage: Kupffer cells, defense, Gordon and Sweet, Reticulin, Connective tissue fibre
Gall Bladder
- Mucosa with Luminal folding (LuF), Tall columnar epithelium (TC), and Microvilli (Mv)
- Lamina Propria (LP)
- Neck mucous glands (MuG)
Pancreas
- Acinus - exocrine components
- Pancreatic Acinar cell (PAC)
- Zymogen granules (ZG)
- Centroacinar cells (CAS)
- Islets of Langerhans - endocrine
- Capillary's are present
- Insulin secreting B cells
- Glucagon secreting A cells
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