Physio L1C | Organization and Regulation of the GI Tract
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Questions and Answers

What is the main purpose of the alimentary tract?

  • Production of red blood cells
  • Absorption of oxygen and carbon dioxide
  • Absorption of water, electrolytes, vitamins, and digestive products (correct)
  • Movement of blood through the alimentary tract
  • What are the characteristics of gastrointestinal smooth muscle fibers?

  • 250 to 500 micrometers in diameter
  • Arranged in bundles of 1000 parallel fibers (correct)
  • 500 to 1000 micrometers in diameter
  • 2 to 10 micrometers in length
  • What is one of the objectives regarding the GI tract organization and functioning?

  • Comprehending the role of the Endocrine system
  • Understanding the general arrangement of the nervous system
  • Recognizing the characteristics associated with skeletal muscle
  • Knowing the basic physiology behind the GI tract (correct)
  • How does the alimentary tract provide the body with a continual supply of nutrients?

    <p>By circulation of blood flow through the gastrointestinal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Nervous system in the organization and functioning of the GI tract?

    <p>To regulate digestion and absorption in the GI tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the purpose of secretion of digestive juices and digestion of the food?

    <p>Movement of food through the alimentary tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a stimulus for the secretion of cholecystokinin?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the GI tract, which hormone stimulates gastric emptying?

    <p>Motilin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site secretes gastric inhibitory peptide?

    <p>K cells of the jejunum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of secretin in the GI tract?

    <p>Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion (bicarb into lumen of duodenum)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about smooth muscle contraction in the GI tract is false?

    <p>Muscle layers in the GI tract wall do not share electrical connections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of stimuli are needed for the secretion of motilin?

    <p>Fat, acid, nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone inhibits gastric acid secretion?

    <p>Gastric Inhibitory Peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the S cells located that secrete cholecystokinin?

    <p>I cells of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is inhibited by secretin?

    <p>Gastric acid secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stimuli for the secretion of gastric inhibitory peptide?

    <p>Protein, fat, carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason for the low resistance movement of ions from one muscle cell to the next?

    <p>Existence of gap junctions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of electrical waves are slow, undulating changes in the resting membrane potential?

    <p>Slow waves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes smooth muscle contraction in response to entry of calcium ions into the muscle fiber?

    <p>Activation of myosin filaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many plexus are present in the enteric nervous system, and what are their respective functions?

    <p>Two plexus: One for controlling gastrointestinal movements and another for gastrointestinal secretion and local blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimuli can activate afferent sensory nerve fibers?

    <p>Irritation of the gut mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of parasympathetic stimulation on the enteric nervous system?

    <p>General increase in activity of the entire enteric nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of slow waves in intestinal smooth muscle?

    <p>Rhythmically determine the frequency and intensity of contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor causes hyperpolarization of the membrane, making it more difficult to depolarize?

    <p>Stimulation by norepinephrine or epinephrine in the fiber membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of tonic contraction in intestinal smooth muscle?

    <p>Continuous partial depolarization causing tonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reflexes are controlled entirely within the gut wall, integrating gastrointestinal secretion, peristalsis, mixing, contractions, and local inhibitory effects?

    <p>Short distance reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stimuli can cause increased secretion of gastrin?..

    <p>Protein, distension, and nerve stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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