GI System and Accessory Organs Quiz
84 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of trypsin and chymotrypsin?

  • Break down lipids
  • Break down proteins (correct)
  • Stimulate insulin secretion
  • Break down starches

    • Which organs synthesize and secrete amylase?

  • Liver, gallbladder, pancreas
  • Stomach, small intestine, pancreas
  • Gallbladder, stomach, liver
  • Salivary glands, pancreas, colon (correct)

    • What is the role of the gallbladder in digestion?

  • Secretes digestive enzymes
  • Produces bile
  • Stores and concentrates bile (correct)
  • Absorbs nutrients from food

    • What substance is released from the S cells of the duodenal mucosa when the pH is low?

    <p>Secretin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does cholecystokinin (CCK) have on gastric emptying?

    <p>Inhibits gastric emptying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature is used to define the upper and lower gastrointestinal bleed?

    <p>Ligament of Treitz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the digestive tract is most protein digestion initiated?

    <p>Stomach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of lipase in digestion?

    <p>Digests triglycerides into free fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between delirium and dementia in terms of onset?

    <p>Dementia has a gradual onset, while delirium has a sudden onset.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of alterations can indicate a state of consciousness disturbance?

    <p>Metabolic alterations related to electrolyte imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an EEG reveal in cases of delirium?

    <p>Abnormally slow rhythm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is associated with the presence of beta-amyloid plaques?

    <p>Dementia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of acute cholecystitis?

    <p>Gallstones obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is indicative of acute cholecystitis?

    <p>RUQ pain radiating to the right shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum daily dose of acetaminophen recommended to avoid toxicity?

    <p>4 grams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to replenish glutathione stores in acetaminophen toxicity?

    <p>N-Acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is most commonly associated with chronic liver disease?

    <p>Wilson's disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in liver disease?

    <p>Portal hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom arises due to the accumulation of ammonia in chronic liver disease?

    <p>Confusion and decreased level of consciousness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when there is damage to an upper motor neuron?

    <p>It results in spastic paralysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which system is specifically responsible for coordinating visceral responses during stress?

    <p>Sympathetic Nervous System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bile duct obstruction in chronic pancreatitis is generally considered to be:

    <p>Less common than pancreatic duct obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by hyperbilirubinemia and reduced coagulopathy?

    <p>Chronic liver disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

    <p>Enhances digestive activity during rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely cause of caput medusae in patients with chronic liver disease?

    <p>Increased pressure in hepatic veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do afferent nerve fibers play in the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>They carry sensory impulses to the CNS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does activation of Alpha 1 receptors lead to?

    <p>Increased peripheral resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of Beta 2 receptors?

    <p>Increased blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with stimulating Alpha 1 and Beta receptors?

    <p>Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does epinephrine differ from norepinephrine in its action?

    <p>It has a stronger effect on all types of receptors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones primarily attach to cytoplasmic receptors?

    <p>Lipid soluble hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the hypothalamus in relation to the endocrine system?

    <p>To link the nervous and endocrine systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily released by the anterior pituitary in response to corticotropin releasing hormone?

    <p>Adrenocorticotropic hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is NOT associated with water soluble hormones?

    <p>Cytoplasmic receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key hormone released by the anterior pituitary is responsible for stimulating milk production?

    <p>Prolactin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of setting an intubated patient to hyperventilation?

    <p>To reduce CO2 levels and decrease cerebral artery dilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of the spinal cord compared to?

    <p>The diameter of a human finger</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers primarily carry sensory information to the central nervous system?

    <p>Afferent nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the dorsal column tracts?

    <p>To transmit highly localized sensations while ascending the spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of damage to lower motor neurons (LMN) innervating a specific muscle?

    <p>Flaccid paralysis of that muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about the spinothalamic tracts is true?

    <p>They are responsible for transmitting less localized sensations and cross immediately to the opposite side.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What important role do upper motor neurons play in the nervous system?

    <p>They are responsible for reflexes and direct voluntary movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central canal of the spinal cord continuous with?

    <p>The ventricular system of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with the liver in the GI system?

    <p>Production of clotting factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Kupffer cells in the liver?

    <p>Act as specialized macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a major function of the GI system?

    <p>Neurological signaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the synthesis of major digestive enzymes in the pancreas?

    <p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced in the liver that aids in lipid metabolism?

    <p>Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary cells of the nervous system responsible for transmitting impulses?

    <p>Neurons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process that allows impulse transmission to skip from node to node?

    <p>Saltatory conduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the role of dendrites?

    <p>They carry impulses toward the cell body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of nerve fibers is responsible for carrying sensory information toward the central nervous system?

    <p>Afferent fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of myelination in nerve fibers?

    <p>To facilitate rapid saltatory conduction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the dorsal column tracts?

    <p>To relay highly localized sensations to the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens immediately when spinothalamic tracts transmit sensory information?

    <p>They cross over immediately to the opposite side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from damage to lower motor neurons (LMN) of a muscle?

    <p>Flaccid paralysis of that muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structures primarily carry sensory information to the central nervous system?

    <p>Afferent nerve fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the central canal of the spinal cord connected to the surrounding structures?

    <p>It is continuous with the ventricular system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of pyramidal tracts?

    <p>They synapse with lower motor neurons in the anterior horn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the function of upper motor neurons?

    <p>They control many spinal reflexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of setting an intubated patient to hyperventilation?

    <p>Reduced dilation of cerebral arteries and decreased pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pylorus in the digestive system?

    <p>It regulates the release of chyme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of secretin from the S cells in the duodenum?

    <p>Low pH in the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme primarily digests triglycerides in the digestive system?

    <p>Lipase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function is primarily associated with gastrin in digestion?

    <p>Stimulating acid secretion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cholecystokinin (CCK) on the gallbladder?

    <p>It stimulates gallbladder contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the small intestine is primarily responsible for mixing chyme with digestive secretions?

    <p>Duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Ampulla of Vater in the digestive process?

    <p>It is where bile and pancreatic duct meet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptive response occurs in the fundus of the stomach when food is introduced?

    <p>Transitional relaxation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

    <p>It links the nervous and endocrine systems and regulates body functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which types of hormones attach to receptors located in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is released by the anterior pituitary in response to gonadotropin releasing hormone?

    <p>Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors do water-soluble hormones typically interact with?

    <p>Plasma membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is primarily associated with stress response and is released from the adrenal cortex?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of neuron damage in Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Acetylcholine deficit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most closely associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome?

    <p>Ascending muscle paralysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathological feature is associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Lewy bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is commonly employed in managing Multiple Sclerosis?

    <p>Plasmapheresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of cerebral edema following a traumatic brain injury?

    <p>Ischemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur after a TBI?

    <p>Functional recovery potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle weakness is primarily associated with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Fatigue with activity and improves with rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which finding is characteristic of schizophrenia?

    <p>Increased ventricular size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential outcome of an epidural hematoma?

    <p>Loss of consciousness followed by alertness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter imbalance is often linked to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

    <p>Dopamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    GI System

    • Four major functions: Digestion, nutrient absorption, hormone secretion, and defense against pathogens (microbiome). Structural or neurological abnormalities can hinder movement, leading to local and systemic symptoms.

    Accessory Organs: Liver

    • Processes nutrients absorbed in the small intestine, transporting them to the liver via the portal vein for processing and release into the systemic circulation.
    • Deamination/Transamination (metabolism) is a key function.
    • Synthesizes proteins like albumin and clotting factors.
    • Produces bile, which is transported to the duodenum for lipid metabolism. Produces lipids, phospholipids, and cholesterol.
    • Kupffer cells are specialized macrophages.

    Accessory Organs: Pancreas

    • Synthesizes and stores digestive enzymes within pancreatic acini.
    • Digestive enzymes, including trypsin and chymotrypsin (protein digestion) and amylase (starch digestion), are released in response to CCK. Problems with CCK affect enzyme release.
    • Pancreatic lipase aids in the digestion of triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids for absorption.
    • Insulin and glucagon are also produced.

    Accessory Organs: Gallbladder

    • Stores and concentrates bile.

    Stomach

    • Secretes acid and enzymes (e.g., pepsin) to kill bacteria and begin digestion.
    • Stores food (bolus) and initiates digestion.
    • Mixes chyme.

    Small Intestine: Duodenum

    • Mixes chyme with bicarbonate, mucus, and lipases.
    • Contains the ampulla of Vater, where pancreatic and hepatic bile duct entrance allows digestive enzymes into the duodenum.
    • Contains the sphincter of Oddi, which regulates the release of enzymes from the ampulla of Vater.
    • Contains specialized cells (S cells) that produce the hormone motilin.

    Small Intestine: Jejunum

    • Primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.
    • Bile salts and pancreatic enzymes aid in the completion of digestion.
    • Contains enterocytes with microvilli, goblet cells for protection and lubrication.

    Small Intestine: Ileum

    • Absorbs nutrients and waste products into the large intestine.
    • Contains the ileocecal valve.

    Colon

    • Stores and moves stool/feces.
    • Reabsorbs water.
    • Expels stool from the body

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Patho Final Exam - Past Paper

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the gastrointestinal system and its accessory organs, including the liver and pancreas. Explore their functions, metabolic processes, and the significance of enzyme release in digestion. This quiz is designed to reinforce key concepts about digestion and metabolism.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser