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Questions and Answers
What is the main component of gastric exocrine secretion responsible for protein digestion?
What is the main component of gastric exocrine secretion responsible for protein digestion?
- Gastric Intrinsic Factor
- Pepsin (correct)
- Lipase
- HCl
What is the primary function of amylase in the oral cavity?
What is the primary function of amylase in the oral cavity?
- Inhibiting salivation
- Breaking down lipids
- Enhancing salivation
- Breaking down carbohydrates (correct)
Which of the following is a stimulant of acid secretion in the stomach?
Which of the following is a stimulant of acid secretion in the stomach?
- Gastrin (correct)
- Secretin
- Motilin
- CCK
What is the primary function of lingual lipase in the oral cavity?
What is the primary function of lingual lipase in the oral cavity?
What is the primary function of mucous in the oral cavity?
What is the primary function of mucous in the oral cavity?
What is the primary function of Parietal cells in the stomach?
What is the primary function of Parietal cells in the stomach?
Which cranial nerve is involved in the regulation of salivation?
Which cranial nerve is involved in the regulation of salivation?
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant of acid secretion in the stomach?
Which of the following is NOT a stimulant of acid secretion in the stomach?
During the Cephalic Stage of Digestion, which nerve is excited to stimulate secretion and motility in the stomach, pancreas, and duodenum?
During the Cephalic Stage of Digestion, which nerve is excited to stimulate secretion and motility in the stomach, pancreas, and duodenum?
What is the primary function of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the digestive system?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gastric and intestinal motility?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating gastric and intestinal motility?
What is the primary function of Secretin in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of Secretin in the digestive system?
What is the role of Gastrin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the role of Gastrin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
Which hormones are responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate?
Which hormones are responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic enzymes and bicarbonate?
What is the role of Somatostatin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the role of Somatostatin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas?
What is the role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the digestive system?
What is the role of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) in the digestive system?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of histamine from the gastric mucosa?
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of histamine from the gastric mucosa?
What is the primary function of the vagus nerve in the cephalic stage of digestion?
What is the primary function of the vagus nerve in the cephalic stage of digestion?
What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in relation to the gallbladder?
What is the primary function of cholecystokinin (CCK) in relation to the gallbladder?
What is the primary function of motilin in the gut?
What is the primary function of motilin in the gut?
What is the primary function of secretin in relation to pancreatic enzyme secretion?
What is the primary function of secretin in relation to pancreatic enzyme secretion?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating gastric acid secretion?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for regulating gastric acid secretion?
What is the primary function of CCK in relation to pancreatic enzyme secretion?
What is the primary function of CCK in relation to pancreatic enzyme secretion?
What is the primary function of somatostatin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
What is the primary function of somatostatin in the regulation of gastric acid secretion?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice?
Which of the following hormones is responsible for stimulating the release of bicarbonate-rich pancreatic juice?
What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
What is the primary function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
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Study Notes
GI Physiology – Key GI Hormones
- Vago-Vagal Reflex: stimulates the stomach, pancreas, and duodenum to prepare for digestion
- Cephalic Stage/Phase of Digestion: chewing, tasting, and swallowing excites the Vagus, which then sends impulses to the stomach, pancreas, and duodenum to improve secretion and motility
Gastric Acid Secretion
- Gastrin: produced by G-cells in the gastric antrum, stimulates gastric acid secretion
- Histamine: produced by ECL-cells in the gastric mucosa, stimulates gastric acid secretion
- Ach: stimulates gastric acid secretion through parasympathetic nerves
- Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP): inhibits gastric acid secretion
- Somatostatin: inhibits gastric acid secretion and gastric gland mucosa repair
Exocrine Secretion
- Salivary Glands: produce saliva containing amylase, lingual lipase, mucous, antibacterial agents, glycoproteins, and nerve and epidermal growth factors
- Stomach: produces gastric exocrine secretion including HCl, pepsin, lipase, mucous, and gastric intrinsic factor
Hormones and their Effects
- Gastrin: stimulates gastric acid secretion, gastric gland mucosa repair, and gall bladder contraction
- CCK (Cholecystokinin): stimulates gall bladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme release, and pancreatic bicarbonate release
- Secretin: stimulates pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate release, pepsin secretion, and repair of exocrine pancreas
- GIP (Gastric Inhibitory Peptide): stimulates insulin release, inhibits gastric acid secretion
- Motilin: stimulates gastric and intestinal motility
GI Tract Movement
- Vagus Nerve: stimulates gastric and intestinal motility
- Motilin: stimulates gastric and intestinal motility
- Enkephalins: stimulate smooth muscle contraction and intestinal secretion
Integrated Systemic View
- Gastric and intestinal phases of digestion are controlled by the Vagus and local reflexes
- Hormones and nerves interact to regulate digestion and absorption
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