33 Questions
Which condition is associated with heartburn, regurgitation of acidic chyme, and upper abdominal pain within 1 hour of eating?
GERD
What is a common cause of acute gastritis according to the text?
Helicobacter pylori
Which type of chronic gastritis is associated with autoantibodies to parietal cells and intrinsic factor?
Immune Chronic Fundal Gastritis
What symptoms may worsen in a person with pylori if they lie down or if intra-abdominal pressure increases?
Vomiting and coughing
Which condition is associated with laryngitis, asthma, and chronic cough according to the text?
GERD
What is the physiological consequence of vomiting?
Hypokalemia
Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with anorexia?
Constipation
What initiates vomiting via the eighth cranial nerve?
Vestibular system
Which condition is characterized by nonproductive vomiting?
Retching
What distinguishes projectile vomiting from other types of vomiting?
It is preceded by retching
Which of the following electrolyte imbalances is NOT a metabolic consequence of vomiting?
Hyperkalemia
What is the most common developmental factor for duodenal ulcers?
Helicobacter pylori infection
Which of the following is characteristic of superficial ulcers?
They do not extend through the muscularis mucosae
When does pain from duodenal ulcers typically begin?
30 minutes to 2 hours after eating
What is the main cause of increased acid production in peptic ulcer disease?
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
What is the distinguishing feature of deep ulcers compared to superficial ulcers?
They extend through the muscularis mucosae
Which of the following is not a factor that can lead to decreased mucosal protection in peptic ulcer disease?
Gastronoma
What is the main cause of primary biliary cirrhosis?
Antibody-mediated destruction of the small intrahepatic bile ducts
Which region is affected by intrahepatic portal hypertension?
Within the liver itself
What is the consequence of high pressure in the portal veins?
Varices
Which phase of viral hepatitis begins with the resolution of jaundice?
Recovery phase
What is the mode of transmission for hepatitis B?
Contact with infected blood and body fluids
Which risk factor is NOT associated with esophageal carcinoma?
`Nutritional deficiencies
What is the consequence of poor intestinal absorption of lipids?
Fatty stools and diarrhea
What deficiency can cause prolonged prothrombin time, purpura, and petechiae?
Vitamin K
Which vitamin deficiency is associated with testicular atrophy and neurologic defects in children?
Vitamin E
Which condition involves the obstruction of the intestines without any physical blockage?
Ileus
What is a common symptom of acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome)?
Vomiting of clear gastric fluid
Diverticular disease most commonly affects which part of the colon?
Sigmoid colon
Which antibody is commonly found in Crohn's disease?
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody
What is the characteristic appearance of the colon in diverticulosis?
Cobblestone appearance
What is the main cause of mesenteric venous thrombosis?
Malignancies
Which molecule acts as a neurotransmitter for stimulating eating in the hypothalamus?
Orexins
Test your knowledge on the clinical manifestations of gastrointestinal dysfunction, focusing on symptoms like anorexia and vomiting. Understand the physiological stimuli and brain mechanisms involved in these symptoms.
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