Gestion de Projet - Concepts Clés

Introduction to Project Management

• This course introduces project management.
• The goal is to successfully set up and lead projects.
• Specific objectives include acquiring a project assembly methodology and case study analysis.

Summary of Project Management Topics

• Introduction: Overview of project management.
• Definitions: Key terms related to project management.
• Project life cycle: Stages involved in a project's lifecycle.
• Project Assembly Phase: Activities during the assembly of a project.
• Preliminary project: Initial stages, opportunity study, need identification, and problem definition.
• Stakeholders: Individuals and groups with an interest in the project.
• Feasibility study: Determining the viability of a project.
• Opportunity Study: Analysing market opportunities, potential benefits, and needs.
• Problem Analysis: Understanding the current situation a project will address.
• Specifications: Detailed requirements for project components.
• Project manager and team: roles, responsibilities, and structure
• Projects and operations: relationship between projects and ongoing business activities.
• Location of projects in the company: organizational structure and placement of projects.
• Project support structures: Systems and processes to aid project operations.
• Project plan: Roadmap for the project.
• Work Breakdown Structure (WBS): Breakdown into smaller tasks.
• Organization Breakdown Structure (OBS): Responsibility assignment within the organization.
• Assignment of responsibilities to tasks (RACI): Clearly defining roles.
• Skills matrix: Identifying team members' skills.
• Task planning (PERT, Gantt): Scheduling and visualization of tasks.
• Budget estimation: Cost planning for project stages.
• Risk matrix: Identifying and analyzing potential risks.
• Communication plan: Methods for maintaining communication amongst project participants.

What is a Project?

• A project is a unique endeavor with a specified objective.
• It involves a defined timeline, allocated resources, and a collection of coordinated tasks.

Definition of Management

• Management is the direction of an organization.
• It involves the techniques for organizing and running a business.
• Historically, pioneers like Fayol focused on high-level administration, while Taylor focused on production.

Definition of Organization

• An organization is a specific human collective, defined by boundaries, objectives, and structured means.
• Individuals within an organization may hold differing preferences, interpretations, and knowledge.

Specific Points of Organizations

• Authority
• Specialization
• Division of labour
• Production of values
• Status differences between members
• Informal interpersonal relationships

Origin of the Word "Management"

• The word "management" comes from the Italian "maneggiare" (to control).
• It's influenced by the French word "manège" (merry-go-round).
• Key words like "conduct," "direct," "teach," and "motivate" are used when referring to individuals managing organizations.
• Introduced in France in 1960.

Henri Fayol's Contributions

• Henri Fayol (1841-1925), a French mining engineer,
• Director of the largest mine in Europe.
• Identified 14 management principles necessary for achieving good management.
• Thought about the modern administrative function and its characteristics.
• Introduced the 5 fundamental functions of a manager (Organize, Plan, Command, Coordinate, and Control).

PDCA - Deming Wheel/ Cycle

• A cyclical process for continual improvement.
• Consists of four phases: Plan, Do, Check, Act.

PDCA - Cycle Detailed Description

• Plan: Identifying problems, setting goals, planning an improvement project.
• Do: Implementing the planned changes.
• Check: Monitoring the impact of the changes.
• Act: Making necessary adjustments, taking improvements to standard operating procedures (SOP), or continuing to change the process.

Project Lifecycle

• Setup: Defining, estimating, and determining the feasibility of the project.
• Execution: Implementing and executing the project plan.
• Closing: Finalizing project and documenting results.
• The lifecycle is a cyclical process, looping back to earlier stages.

Preliminary Draft: Opportunity Study – Business Case

• A critical step needed before the project.
• This activity answers various project questions.
• For example, purpose, stakeholders, location, etc.
• A useful tool is the 5W2H (QQOQCCP) method for answering these questions.

Initialization: Needs Identification

• Understanding the client's needs, both explicit and implicit.
• Assessing project impact and stakes.
• Identifying all stakeholders.

Problem Tree

• A method to visualize problem complexity.
• Depicts problems, their causes, and effects.

Project Objectives

• Formalizing expressed needs into objectives.
• Writing objectives that incorporate SMART criteria (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound).

Cost Breakdown Structure

• A way to calculate every cost involved in a project.

Project Plan

• Defining the objectives, tasks, priorities and timelines for completion of the project.
• Budgeting resources.
• Assessing risks and developing and implementing a communication plan.

Team Structure

• Defining roles and responsibilities amongst the team members.
• Creating a structure of who is in charge of what will ensure the project is successful.

Project Support Structures

• Structures for project planning, execution, and support.
• Different structures including: Functional, Matrix, Project-oriented, Joint-venture

Cost of a Project and Product

• Costs relate to the phases of a project and its products.
• Costs involved in the project launch are significant.
• Different stages (conception, industrialization, utilization) have different costs.

Communication Plan

• Essential for informing all stakeholders throughout the project's lifecycle.
• Ensures shared understanding and facilitates timely decision-making.
• Communication channels can be varied.

SWOT Analysis

• A strategic planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture.

Project Management Responsibilities (e.g., MOA, MOE, etc.)

• Defining roles involved in leading and executing projects.
• Responsibilities are often outlined using different organizational structures.

Activities between functions/roles

• Detailed breakdown for tasks between the different roles in the project structure, for example, in an automobile or construction project.

WBS/CBS

• WBS: Work Breakdown Structure - A systematic breakdown of a project into a hierarchical structure of tasks and sub-tasks.
• CBS: Cost Breakdown Structure – A framework for estimating all potential costs involved in a project, enabling a detailed analysis of all expenses.

Testez vos connaissances sur la gestion de projet avec ce quiz. Vous découvrirez des concepts essentiels tels que le rôle du chef de projet, les principales parties prenantes et les étapes du montage d'un projet. À travers des questions variées, testez votre compréhension de la planification et de l'exécution dans un projet.