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What is the term for the GTD forms that have the potential for tissue invasion and metastasis?
What is the term for the GTD forms that have the potential for tissue invasion and metastasis?
Which clinical markers help in the identification of GTDs?
Which clinical markers help in the identification of GTDs?
What is the characteristic feature of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
What is the characteristic feature of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
What is the precursor lesion of some gestational trophoblastic neoplasia?
What is the precursor lesion of some gestational trophoblastic neoplasia?
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What is believed to give rise to all GTDs?
What is believed to give rise to all GTDs?
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Which trophoblastic tumor is the most primitive?
Which trophoblastic tumor is the most primitive?
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What is the potential of CHMs to transform into trophoblastic tumors?
What is the potential of CHMs to transform into trophoblastic tumors?
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How does parity affect the risk of developing CHM?
How does parity affect the risk of developing CHM?
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What differentiates placental-site trophoblastic tumor from choriocarcinoma?
What differentiates placental-site trophoblastic tumor from choriocarcinoma?
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What is the cause of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
What is the cause of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
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What is the genetic composition of the conceptus in 20% of CHM cases?
What is the genetic composition of the conceptus in 20% of CHM cases?
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What is the main reason for the lack of embryo/fetus formation in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
What is the main reason for the lack of embryo/fetus formation in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
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What is the preferred method of evacuation for patients with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) who desire to preserve fertility?
What is the preferred method of evacuation for patients with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) who desire to preserve fertility?
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What is a characteristic feature of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) based on sonographic features?
What is a characteristic feature of complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) based on sonographic features?
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Which laboratory study is indicative of exuberant trophoblastic growth and raises suspicion for a molar pregnancy?
Which laboratory study is indicative of exuberant trophoblastic growth and raises suspicion for a molar pregnancy?
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What is the DNA ploidy pattern typically observed in complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) as determined by DNA flow cytometry?
What is the DNA ploidy pattern typically observed in complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) as determined by DNA flow cytometry?
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What is a common clinical manifestation in women with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) due to the rapid growth of the mole?
What is a common clinical manifestation in women with complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) due to the rapid growth of the mole?
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What is the natural history of most complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs)?
What is the natural history of most complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs)?
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What is a histological characteristic of hydropic villi in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
What is a histological characteristic of hydropic villi in complete hydatidiform mole (CHM)?
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What is the potential transformation of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) into trophoblastic tumors?
What is the potential transformation of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) into trophoblastic tumors?
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What is the characteristic DNA ploidy pattern observed in partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) as determined by DNA flow cytometry?
What is the characteristic DNA ploidy pattern observed in partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) as determined by DNA flow cytometry?
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What is a characteristic sonographic feature favoring the diagnosis of a partial mole over a complete mole?
What is a characteristic sonographic feature favoring the diagnosis of a partial mole over a complete mole?
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What is the natural history of partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) compared to complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs)?
What is the natural history of partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) compared to complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs)?
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What is a distinguishing feature of partial moles on imaging studies compared to complete moles?
What is a distinguishing feature of partial moles on imaging studies compared to complete moles?
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What is the main difference in the gross findings between complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM)?
What is the main difference in the gross findings between complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM)?
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What are the microscopic findings in partial hydatidiform mole (PHM)?
What are the microscopic findings in partial hydatidiform mole (PHM)?
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How do patients with partial mole typically present?
How do patients with partial mole typically present?
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What is the main precursor lesion of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs)?
What is the main precursor lesion of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms (GTNs)?
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What is the subtype of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms that usually develops from the malignant transformation of trophoblastic tissue after evacuation of a complete or partial hydatidiform mole?
What is the subtype of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms that usually develops from the malignant transformation of trophoblastic tissue after evacuation of a complete or partial hydatidiform mole?
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What is the characteristic immunohistochemical staining for placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
What is the characteristic immunohistochemical staining for placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
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What is the most common clinical presentation of placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
What is the most common clinical presentation of placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
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What is the difference in β-hCG levels between placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and choriocarcinoma?
What is the difference in β-hCG levels between placental-site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and choriocarcinoma?
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Which cellular component is not found in placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
Which cellular component is not found in placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
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What is the DNA content of the intermediate trophoblast cells in placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
What is the DNA content of the intermediate trophoblast cells in placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
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What is the characteristic gross morphology of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
What is the characteristic gross morphology of placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT)?
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What is the most common precursor of choriocarcinoma?
What is the most common precursor of choriocarcinoma?
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Where does choriocarcinoma most commonly arise in the female body?
Where does choriocarcinoma most commonly arise in the female body?
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What is the characteristic cellular composition of choriocarcinoma?
What is the characteristic cellular composition of choriocarcinoma?
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Which type of trophoblast is recognized by its abundant, darkly stained cytoplasm and small-to-intermediate sized nuclei with eosinophilic nucleoli?
Which type of trophoblast is recognized by its abundant, darkly stained cytoplasm and small-to-intermediate sized nuclei with eosinophilic nucleoli?
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What is the most common presenting maternal sign of choriocarcinoma?
What is the most common presenting maternal sign of choriocarcinoma?
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What is the homeobox gene believed to be involved in the development of choriocarcinoma?
What is the homeobox gene believed to be involved in the development of choriocarcinoma?
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Which distant organs are most often affected by choriocarcinoma metastases?
Which distant organs are most often affected by choriocarcinoma metastases?
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What is the characteristic feature of the syncytiotrophoblast nuclei compared to cytotrophoblast nuclei?
What is the characteristic feature of the syncytiotrophoblast nuclei compared to cytotrophoblast nuclei?
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What is the characteristic feature of vascular invasion in choriocarcinoma?
What is the characteristic feature of vascular invasion in choriocarcinoma?
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What is the characteristic feature of choriocarcinoma spread?
What is the characteristic feature of choriocarcinoma spread?
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Study Notes
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Overview
- Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses hydatidiform mole, invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, and placental-site trophoblastic tumor
- GTD is characterized by abnormal proliferation of placental tissue and can have tissue invasion and metastasis
- Incidence of complete hydatidiform mole is 1-3 cases per 1,000 pregnancies, and choriocarcinoma is 1 in 30,000 pregnancies in the US
- Complete hydatidiform mole arises from abnormal fertilization and is more common in extremes of reproductive age
- Pathogenesis of GTD involves neoplastic transformation of trophoblastic stem cells, leading to various trophoblastic tumors
- Complete moles result from fertilization of an empty ovum by one or two sperm, leading to trophoblastic hyperplasia
- Gross and microscopic findings of complete hydatidiform mole include edematous trophoblastic villi and extensive trophoblast proliferation
- Clinical presentation of complete mole includes rapid uterine enlargement and high levels of β-hCG
- DNA flow cytometry can differentiate between complete and partial hydatidiform moles
- Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, show characteristic features like the "snowstorm" appearance in complete moles
- Most complete hydatidiform moles have a benign course but should be closely monitored due to the potential for malignant transformation
- Treatment options for complete hydatidiform mole include suction curettage for fertility preservation or total abdominal hysterectomy
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