Gestational Diabetes Overview and Complications

<p>9-10 pounds (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Premature birth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased prevalence of overweight and obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asian Americans (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced anabolic function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It stimulates gluconeogenesis, increasing glucose production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Facilitating glucose entry into skeletal muscle, especially during exercise (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucagon (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blocking glucose reabsorption in the kidneys (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shift from anabolic to catabolic function (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased insulin secretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased ketone production by the liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased appetite (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased VLDL and LDL levels (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pain and numbness, primarily in the lower extremities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tissue damage to eyes and kidneys (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swelling and tissue damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is essential for vasodilation, improving blood flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contribute to inflammation and tissue damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased nitric oxide production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type 1 diabetes patients typically experience a complete lack of insulin production, while type 2 diabetes patients still have some insulin function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased plasma amino acids. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alcohol impairs gluconeogenesis, the process of converting non-carbohydrate sources into glucose. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glyburide stimulates insulin release, which, in combination with increased glucose uptake during exercise, can lead to low blood sugar levels. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frequent urination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen in the liver and muscles. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced glucose uptake by cells leading to hyperglycemia. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It promotes the excretion of ketones through the lungs, reducing blood acidity. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both epinephrine and cortisol stimulate glycogenolysis, increasing blood glucose levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy due to insulin resistance.

A test where a patient drinks a glucose solution to diagnose gestational diabetes.

Factors that increase the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes, including age, obesity, and family history.

A condition where a baby has an excessive birth weight, often due to gestational diabetes.

Health issues for infants born to mothers with gestational diabetes, such as stillbirth and hypoglycemia.

Health risks for mothers with gestational diabetes, including challenging labor and higher C-section rates.

About 9% of pregnant women in the US experience gestational diabetes, with rising trends linked to obesity.

Reduced glucose entry into tissues leading to increased blood glucose levels.

Insulin promotes glucose uptake and storage in tissues.

Anabolic builds molecules, catabolic breaks them down.

A hormone that increases blood glucose by stimulating gluconeogenesis.

Medications that prevent glucose reabsorption, leading to glucose excretion in urine.

High blood glucose leads to symptoms like polydipsia and polyuria.

Eye complications from diabetes that can lead to blindness.

Glucose attaches to proteins, forming AGEs and causing tissue damage.

Byproducts that can cause tissue damage in diabetes.

Increased in diabetes, can lead to ketoacidosis, a serious condition.

Nerve damage due to diabetes, causing pain and numbness.

Presence of protein in urine, indicating kidney damage.

Kidney damage due to diabetes, can lead to chronic kidney disease.

Increases glucose production and reduces tolerance in diabetes.

Facilitates glucose entry into muscle cells during exercise.

Occurs in diabetes due to inefficient glucose use.

A complication involving small blood vessels, such as diabetic nephropathy.

A serious condition characterized by high ketones and acidosis, primarily in type 1 diabetes.

Deep, labored breathing associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly in DKA.

The process of storing glucose in the form of glycogen stimulated by insulin.

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose, accelerated by epinephrine.

The process of breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids, stimulated by epinephrine.

Symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue due to high blood sugar.

Factors include insulin overdose, alcohol, and exercise that increase insulin action.