Geothermal Energy Systems Overview
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Questions and Answers

What does the term 'geothermal' primarily refer to?

  • Energy derived from the Earth’s heat (correct)
  • Energy sourced from tidal movements
  • Energy generated from solar radiation
  • Energy derived from wind

    • What is the typical temperature rise of rock for every 100 m below the Earth's surface?

  • 3ºC (correct)
  • 1ºC
  • 4ºC
  • 2ºC

    • Which of the following is NOT a method of geothermal power generation?

  • Binary cycle power generation
  • Direct steam power generation
  • Combined solar power generation (correct)
  • Flash-steam power generation

    • What is a primary advantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It is renewable and reliable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which application is NOT a typical use of geothermal resources?

    <p>Electric vehicle charging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the temperature of hot water in geothermal systems exceed?

    <p>150ºC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general range of current prices for geothermal energy per kWh?

    <p>5-8 cents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the process of generating power by using heat from geothermal steam?

    <p>Flashing process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the turbine in the steam power cycle?

    <p>To convert thermal energy into mechanical work</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'double-flash' refer to in a double-flash steam power plant?

    <p>Flashing the remaining hot fluid to generate additional steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the given process, what condition does 'x1 = 0' indicate?

    <p>The steam is fully condensed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does double-flash steam production compare to single-flash steam production?

    <p>It produces 10-20% more power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition must be true during the flashing process?

    <p>Pressure and temperature must decrease in sequence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the notation 'm1 = m2' signify in the flashing process?

    <p>The mass flow rates are equal at different stages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of steam properties, what does '0 < x2 < 1' imply?

    <p>The steam is a mixture of liquid and vapor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'ex1 = ex2 + exdest' in the flashing process?

    <p>It balances the energy between two states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of a single-flash steam power plant?

    <p>It is the most common type of geothermal power plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the energy balance equations, what does MBE represent?

    <p>Mass Balance Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For energy efficiency calculation without re-injection, which equation is used?

    <p>$ rac{ar{W}_T}{ar{m}_1 h_1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the steam in a flash-steam power plant?

    <p>It is produced by reducing the pressure of the liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the energy balance equations for the turbine?

    <p>The energy input equals the energy output plus work done.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the separator in a flash-steam power plant?

    <p>To separate steam from the remaining liquid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the efficiency of a geothermal power plant in relation to reinjection?

    <p>The temperature and pressure of the entering fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ExBE in the energy balance equations signify?

    <p>Exergy Balance Equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation is critical for analyzing the condenser's performance in a steam power plant?

    <p>$ar{m}_5 h_5 = ar{m}<em>6 h_6 + ar{Q}</em>{con}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mass balance equation for the condenser, which mass flow rates equal each other?

    <p>ṁ 4 and ṁ 5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the energy balance equation (EBE) for the turbine express?

    <p>The relationship between mass flow rates and specific enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents the mass balance equation for Separator 1?

    <p>ṁ 2 = ṁ 3 + ṁ 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following equations represents the exergy balance equation (ExBE) for the condenser?

    <p>ṁ 4 ex 4 + ṁ 8 ex 8 = ṁ 5 ex 5 + ṁ 9 ex 9 + Eẋ dest,c</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mass balance equation for the circulation pump, what does ṁ 1 equal?

    <p>ṁ 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the EnBE (Energy Balance Equation) in the context of the turbine?

    <p>To determine work output from the turbine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the equation for efficiency without re-injection, what factor impacts the total work output?

    <p>ṁ 10 h10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term Ẇ CP represent in the energy balance equation for the circulation pump?

    <p>Input work required by the circulation pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the energy balance equation for the production pump, what is included along with mass flow rate and specific enthalpy?

    <p>Work input to the production pump</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which energy balance equation correctly describes the interaction in Flash Chamber 2?

    <p>ṁ 6 h6 = ṁ 7 h7 + Q̇ con</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term in the energy balance equation for the condenser indicates heat loss?

    <p>Q̇ con</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the term EnBE in the mass and energy balance equations?

    <p>Entropy balance equation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What parameter is represented by ṁ 3 + ṁ 8 in the turbine's mass balance equation?

    <p>The total input mass flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the mass balance equation for the production pump, what does ṁ 6 represent?

    <p>The outlet mass flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be met for the Exhaust Energy Balance Equation (ExBE) to be valid?

    <p>Net energy in must equal net energy out</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Eẋ dest,Sep2 in the ExBE for Separator 2 represent?

    <p>The energy losses during the separation process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the impact of re-injection on energy efficiency?

    <p>It increases the total mass flow rate into the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term Ṡ gen,FC in the Energy Balance Equation for Flash Chamber indicate?

    <p>Entropy generation within the flash chamber</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mass flow balance equation state in a heat exchanger?

    <p>ṁ 2 = ṁ 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation represents the energy balance for the heat exchanger?

    <p>ṁ 2 h2 + ṁ 6 h6 = ṁ 3 h3 + ṁ 7 h7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of energy efficiencies, what does the symbol ηele represent?

    <p>Useful work produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a separator in a binary geothermal power plant?

    <p>To separate steam from liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which efficiency measurement does not involve re-injection?

    <p>Work output minus losses over energy input</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main benefit of geothermal or ground source heat pump systems?

    <p>They provide consistent heating and cooling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which equation is used for the exergy balance in a heat exchanger?

    <p>ṁ 2 ex 2 + ṁ 6 ex 6 = ṁ 3 ex 3 + ṁ 7 ex 7 + Eẋ d,Sep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the presence of reinjection impact energy efficiency in geothermal systems?

    <p>Enhances overall system efficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of geothermal energy use, what is a primary application of ground source heat pumps?

    <p>Heating or cooling buildings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parameter is essential for determining the efficiency of a geothermal power plant?

    <p>Temperature difference between input and output</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Geothermal Energy Systems Overview

    • Geothermal energy represents Earth's heat, a renewable, reliable, and efficient energy source.
    • Current prices range from 5-8 cents/kWh.
    • Temperature increases approximately 3°C for every 100 meters below the ground's surface.
    • Hot water or steam can be generated deep underground when water comes into contact with heated rock.
    • Temperatures exceeding 150°C are typical and facilitate various applications.

    Geothermal Resources and Applications

    • Geothermal resources are categorized by reservoir temperature.
    • High-temperature (>220°C) reservoirs are suitable for power generation.
    • Intermediate (100-220°C) temperatures are used for power generation and direct use applications.
    • Low-temperature (50-150°C) reservoirs are ideal for direct use applications (heating, industrial processes).
    • Technologies employed for geothermal power generation include flash steam, combined flash/binary cycles, binary cycles, and direct use.

    Geothermal Power Generation

    • Common methods of geothermal power generation include direct steam, flash steam, binary cycle, flash binary, and combined geothermal power generation.
    • Radioactive decay in the Earth's mantle produces heat.
    • Cool water is injected into the ground and heated.
    • Hot water is extracted.
    • Steam is produced and used to drive turbines and generate electricity.

    Geothermal Maps of Canada

    • Canada has significant geothermal resource potential, though less utilized.
    • Key resource areas are shown on maps.
    • Geothermal resource potentials are assessed based on heat flow rates.
    • Assessments map hot dry rock and high heatflow areas.

    Geothermal Power Plants

    • Different types of geothermal power plants exist, including dry steam, flash steam, and binary cycle plants.

    Geothermal Resources and Applications (Specific Examples)

    • Geothermal resources are used in various applications: district heating, geothermal heat pumps, and industrial processes.
    • Some countries lead in geothermal power production: the US, Indonesia, the Philippines.

    Geothermal Maps (Specific Examples)

    • Maps highlight areas with high geothermal potential (areas with heat flow).
    • Examples of geothermal field locations (e.g., Western Canada, etc.) are located on diagrams and maps.

    Geothermal Data Summary (Specific Examples)

    • The United States holds the most electricity production from geothermal resources.
    • Significant geothermal-related projects are present in the US, with capacity measured in MW.

    Geothermal Energy Technologies (Specific Examples)

    • A schematic diagram shows how systems (e.g., Tuzla geothermal power plant) operate
    • Diagrams illustrate components of different geothermal systems.

    Additional Notes on Geothermal Power Production

    • The diagram for a dry steam plant shows turbines, steam generation and use, and a condenser system.
    • The diagram for a flash steam plant highlights steam flashing and associated components.
    • The diagram for a binary plant demonstrates how a working fluid operates in a heat exchanger. Multiple plants, both integrated and independent, are shown for various types of geothermal systems.
    • Diagrams show the processes for combined geothermal power plants.

    Closing Remarks

    • Geothermal energy is a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy source.
    • Multiple operating system options exist.
    • Geothermal systems offer cost-effective power production.
    • Applications exist for heating, cooling, power generation, district heating, drying and integrated hydrogen production systems.
    • Ground-source heat pumps are widespread.

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    Geothermal Energy Systems (PDF)

    Description

    This quiz explores the principles of geothermal energy, including its sources, temperature classifications, and applications. It covers how geothermal systems harness Earth's heat for power generation and direct use, as well as the technologies involved. Test your knowledge on this renewable energy resource and its practical uses.

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