George Homans (1950) Theory Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What aspect of decision making is affected by an injury to the vmPFC?

  • Memory
  • Intellect
  • Problem solving abilities
  • Emotions in decision making (correct)

    • Which brain structure is activated when reasoning about moral dilemmas, according to the text?

  • Cerebellum
  • vmPFC (correct)
  • Hippocampus
  • Amygdala

    • What view of individual decision making goes beyond cognition to consider broader issues?

  • Behaviorist view
  • Humanist view (correct)
  • Psychoanalytic view
  • Cognitive view

    • Which psychological branch argues that motivations and actions stem from the need to self-actualize and pursue personal ambitions?

    <p>Humanistic psychology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text suggest drives purposeful actions, according to the discussion of humanist psychology?

    <p>Meanings and choices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept refers to the phenomenon where failing software projects receive more resources despite being unsuccessful, as discussed by Tiwana (2006)?

    <p>Real options pursuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Lewin et al (1990), why can trade union action to strike be perceived as rational despite potential incorrect forecasts of benefits and costs?

    <p>Maximizing self-interested behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common reason for project escalation in a failing activity, as noted by Moon et al (2003)?

    <p>Irrational rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor often leads to individuals persevering with ineffective beliefs, as suggested by Vander Shee (2008)?

    <p>Commonplace irrationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of decision-making, what is a key aspect that can lead to actions appearing irrational to observers but rational to the individual, based on the text?

    <p>Maximizing self-interested behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the ways in which cause and effect are interpreted by a manager and shape how the manager believes a problem should be resolved?

    <p>Mental models</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can affect individual schemata and cognitive actions based on perceptions, such as the locus of power in an organization?

    <p>Irrational rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When managers resist changing their beliefs to correspond to actual observed evidence, what phenomenon is said to occur?

    <p>Perseverance of ineffective beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In an organizational context, which factor is viewed negatively but has been shown to shape cognitive structures significantly?

    <p>Emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used in the text to describe situations where individuals may not externally perceive their cognitive actions as rational?

    <p>Irrational rationality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aim of understanding erroneous decisions?

    <p>To anticipate and mitigate symptoms that lead to false judgements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the behavioural view of decision making differ from the 'internal mind' view?

    <p>It emphasizes the importance of observation over psychoanalysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept suggests that individuals are defined by learned responses acquired throughout development?

    <p>Stimulus/response conditioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the text view experience in motivating actions?

    <p>Experience is the key factor motivating actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In decision making, what does the rational and analytical approach emphasize according to Mckenna & Martin-Smith (2005)?

    <p>The use of dispassionate processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of decision-making, what role do cognitive dissonance and conflicting moral views play?

    <p>They can lead to irrational rationality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the cognitive view of decision-making perceive individuals?

    <p>As information processors with limitations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized in Herbert Simon's original work on human cognitive processing limitations?

    <p>The integration of short term memory and decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are individual perceptions of external reality shaped according to the cognitive view?

    <p>Through schema development, mental constructs, and narratives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of decision-making does Hardin III (1999) focus on in his development of decision-making approaches?

    <p>The limitations of human cognitive processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors can significantly shape cognitive structures, according to the text?

    <p>Experiences and communication vehicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may lead individuals to persevere with ineffective beliefs, as suggested by Vander Shee (2008)?

    <p>Locus of power in an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can individual schemata and cognitive actions be affected according to the text?

    <p>Locus of power in an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect that can shape cognitive structures significantly in an organizational context?

    <p>Locus of power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in influencing individual schemata?

    <p>Role playing</p> Signup and view all the answers

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