17 Questions
Match the following with their significance in acoustic inversion:
Shear wave information = Allows for better lithology discrimination Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Critical indicators in lithology/fluid classifications Elastic information = Can be linked to rock properties using rock physics models Simultaneous Inversion = Allows inversion for P-Impedance, Vp/Vs ratio, and Poisson's ratio at the same time
Match the following with their benefits in interpretation:
P-Impedance alone = May not be sufficient to discriminate certain lithologies or fluid content Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Highly sensitive to the quality of the AVA response Vp/Vs ratio plotted against P-Impedance = Can separate sand from shale and gas sand from brine sand Stability of Vp/Vs ratio after elastic inversion = Ultimate way to QC pre-stack amplitudes
Match the following with their role in AVA information honoring:
Simultaneous Inversion = Honors AVA information by inverting for multiple attributes simultaneously AVA response quality = Highly sensitive to Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Utilized in the majority of lithology/fluid classifications Graphing Vp/Vs ratio against P-Impedance = Used to differentiate between different lithologies and fluid types
Match the following benefits of simultaneous inversion with their descriptions:
Robust P-impedance results = Proper definition of AVO effect & noise Lithology separation = Characterizing reservoir properly Discrimination of gas sand reservoir = Combining Ip and Vp/Vs attributes Elastic parameter volumes interpretation = Detailed lithofacies and pore-fluid content
Match the following statements with their correct descriptions:
Simultaneous inversion benefits = Improved resolution and match to well log data Parameter characterization = Reservoir requiring more than one parameter for description Distinct Vp/Vs ratios = Gas sands and shales with similar P-impedance values Workflow similarities = Simultaneous inversion and Acoustic inversion approaches
Match the following inversion types with their respective controlled factors:
Simultaneous Inversion = Controlled by AVO constraints Acoustic Inversion = Based on objective functions More input information requirement = Simultaneous Inversion approach Robust parametrization need = Both Acoustic and Simultaneous Inversion
Match the following attributes with their correct usage in interpretation:
P-impedance = Estimating S-impedance and VpVs ratio S-impedance = Detailed lithofacies interpretation Vp/Vs ratio = P-wave amplitude contained attribute Inverted elastic parameter volumes = Interpretation of pore-fluid content
Match the term with its description:
Contrast term = Controls the sparsity of the solution Seismic term = Controls the match to the input seismic data Trend terms = Control the consistency of the solution with the geology Density constraint term = Constrains the density respecting Gardner law
Match the variable with its relationship:
P Impedance = Related to S Impedance and density S Impedance = Related to P Impedance and density Density = Related to P Impedance and S Impedance Ip, Is, and density = Have a roughly linear relationship in absence of hydrocarbons
Match the concept with its function in inversion:
Objective function = Contains multiple misfit functions for optimization Misfit functions = Grouped into Contrast, Seismic, and Trend terms Fgardner = Constrains density respecting Gardner law Fmudrock = Constrains Is or Vp/Vs respecting Mudrock law
Match the model results with their requirements:
Seismic-Synthetic misfit minimized = Most of seismic energy explained by final model Inverted elastic properties close to well log properties = Contrasts and variations captured in final model Smooth input models generate no reflection response = No contrasts present in initial model Linear trend assumed for background relating Ip, Is, and density = Stabilizes simultaneous inversion equation
Match the inversion process description with its purpose:
Minimizing misfit between seismic and synthetic data = Optimizing P and S-impedances and density Using objective function containing misfit terms = Determining optimum elastic properties for accurate modeling Grouping misfit functions into Contrast, Seismic, and Trend terms = Controlling various aspects of solution consistency Constraining density respecting Gardner and Is respecting Mudrock laws = Ensuring geological laws are followed in inversion
Match the seismic attribute with its description:
P-Impedance = Primary rock property affecting seismic amplitudes S-Impedance = Attribute related to S-wave properties Vp/Vs ratio = Ratio of compressional wave velocity to shear wave velocity Density = Property influencing the transmission and reflection coefficients
Match the following terms with their meanings:
AVA/AVO effect = Variation of seismic amplitude with offset or angle Simultaneous inversion = Process of converting seismic data to elastic layer properties using multiple angle stacks Zoeppritz equations = Theory describing amplitudes of reflected P-waves with variables related to wave velocities and angles Fatti et al's Approximation = Simplified linear equation to estimate P-impedance, S-impedance, and Density
Match the seismic process with its description:
Wave Reflection and Transmission = Accessing Shear wave properties using Zoeppritz equations Factors Controlling Reflection Amplitudes = Summary of factors affecting P & S wave transmission and reflection coefficients Simultaneous Inversion Process = Converting seismic data to elastic layer properties using AVA constraints Model Based Simultaneous Inversion = Iterative process adjusting impedance and density values to align synthetic angle gather with real angle gather
Match the following with their roles in seismic analysis:
Porosity and fluid content = Factors affecting rock properties and P&S velocities Reservoir properties = Influence on rock properties, leading to variations in transmission and reflection coefficients Multiple angle stacks = Utilized for estimating P-impedance, S-impedance, and Vp/Vs ratio information Initial model and inversion wavelet = Main requirements for robust simultaneous inversion
Match the seismic concept with its explanation:
Conversion of P-wave to S-wave = Occurs at non-zero incidence angles, causing variation in recorded seismic wave amplitude Sparse Spike Inversion = Type of inversion method utilized in certain software tools like Jason Poisson's ratio = Shear wave property accessed through the Zoeppritz equations Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) = General term describing the variation of seismic amplitude with offset or angle
Learn about reducing the non-uniqueness in pre-stack seismic inversion through simultaneous inversion. Explore how minimizing the difference between real and modeled seismic data can lead to more accurate geological interpretations.
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