Geophysics: Simultaneous Inversion and Non-uniqueness Reduction

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Match the following with their significance in acoustic inversion:

Shear wave information = Allows for better lithology discrimination Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Critical indicators in lithology/fluid classifications Elastic information = Can be linked to rock properties using rock physics models Simultaneous Inversion = Allows inversion for P-Impedance, Vp/Vs ratio, and Poisson's ratio at the same time

Match the following with their benefits in interpretation:

P-Impedance alone = May not be sufficient to discriminate certain lithologies or fluid content Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Highly sensitive to the quality of the AVA response Vp/Vs ratio plotted against P-Impedance = Can separate sand from shale and gas sand from brine sand Stability of Vp/Vs ratio after elastic inversion = Ultimate way to QC pre-stack amplitudes

Match the following with their role in AVA information honoring:

Simultaneous Inversion = Honors AVA information by inverting for multiple attributes simultaneously AVA response quality = Highly sensitive to Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio Vp/Vs ratio and Poisson's ratio = Utilized in the majority of lithology/fluid classifications Graphing Vp/Vs ratio against P-Impedance = Used to differentiate between different lithologies and fluid types

Match the following benefits of simultaneous inversion with their descriptions:

Robust P-impedance results = Proper definition of AVO effect & noise Lithology separation = Characterizing reservoir properly Discrimination of gas sand reservoir = Combining Ip and Vp/Vs attributes Elastic parameter volumes interpretation = Detailed lithofacies and pore-fluid content Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements with their correct descriptions:

Simultaneous inversion benefits = Improved resolution and match to well log data Parameter characterization = Reservoir requiring more than one parameter for description Distinct Vp/Vs ratios = Gas sands and shales with similar P-impedance values Workflow similarities = Simultaneous inversion and Acoustic inversion approaches Signup and view all the answers

Match the following inversion types with their respective controlled factors:

Simultaneous Inversion = Controlled by AVO constraints Acoustic Inversion = Based on objective functions More input information requirement = Simultaneous Inversion approach Robust parametrization need = Both Acoustic and Simultaneous Inversion Signup and view all the answers

Match the following attributes with their correct usage in interpretation:

P-impedance = Estimating S-impedance and VpVs ratio S-impedance = Detailed lithofacies interpretation Vp/Vs ratio = P-wave amplitude contained attribute Inverted elastic parameter volumes = Interpretation of pore-fluid content Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its description:

Contrast term = Controls the sparsity of the solution Seismic term = Controls the match to the input seismic data Trend terms = Control the consistency of the solution with the geology Density constraint term = Constrains the density respecting Gardner law Signup and view all the answers

Match the variable with its relationship:

P Impedance = Related to S Impedance and density S Impedance = Related to P Impedance and density Density = Related to P Impedance and S Impedance Ip, Is, and density = Have a roughly linear relationship in absence of hydrocarbons Signup and view all the answers

Match the concept with its function in inversion:

Objective function = Contains multiple misfit functions for optimization Misfit functions = Grouped into Contrast, Seismic, and Trend terms Fgardner = Constrains density respecting Gardner law Fmudrock = Constrains Is or Vp/Vs respecting Mudrock law Signup and view all the answers

Match the model results with their requirements:

Seismic-Synthetic misfit minimized = Most of seismic energy explained by final model Inverted elastic properties close to well log properties = Contrasts and variations captured in final model Smooth input models generate no reflection response = No contrasts present in initial model Linear trend assumed for background relating Ip, Is, and density = Stabilizes simultaneous inversion equation Signup and view all the answers

Match the inversion process description with its purpose:

Minimizing misfit between seismic and synthetic data = Optimizing P and S-impedances and density Using objective function containing misfit terms = Determining optimum elastic properties for accurate modeling Grouping misfit functions into Contrast, Seismic, and Trend terms = Controlling various aspects of solution consistency Constraining density respecting Gardner and Is respecting Mudrock laws = Ensuring geological laws are followed in inversion Signup and view all the answers

Match the seismic attribute with its description:

P-Impedance = Primary rock property affecting seismic amplitudes S-Impedance = Attribute related to S-wave properties Vp/Vs ratio = Ratio of compressional wave velocity to shear wave velocity Density = Property influencing the transmission and reflection coefficients Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their meanings:

AVA/AVO effect = Variation of seismic amplitude with offset or angle Simultaneous inversion = Process of converting seismic data to elastic layer properties using multiple angle stacks Zoeppritz equations = Theory describing amplitudes of reflected P-waves with variables related to wave velocities and angles Fatti et al's Approximation = Simplified linear equation to estimate P-impedance, S-impedance, and Density Signup and view all the answers

Match the seismic process with its description:

Wave Reflection and Transmission = Accessing Shear wave properties using Zoeppritz equations Factors Controlling Reflection Amplitudes = Summary of factors affecting P & S wave transmission and reflection coefficients Simultaneous Inversion Process = Converting seismic data to elastic layer properties using AVA constraints Model Based Simultaneous Inversion = Iterative process adjusting impedance and density values to align synthetic angle gather with real angle gather Signup and view all the answers

Match the following with their roles in seismic analysis:

Porosity and fluid content = Factors affecting rock properties and P&S velocities Reservoir properties = Influence on rock properties, leading to variations in transmission and reflection coefficients Multiple angle stacks = Utilized for estimating P-impedance, S-impedance, and Vp/Vs ratio information Initial model and inversion wavelet = Main requirements for robust simultaneous inversion Signup and view all the answers

Match the seismic concept with its explanation:

Conversion of P-wave to S-wave = Occurs at non-zero incidence angles, causing variation in recorded seismic wave amplitude Sparse Spike Inversion = Type of inversion method utilized in certain software tools like Jason Poisson's ratio = Shear wave property accessed through the Zoeppritz equations Amplitude Versus Offset (AVO) = General term describing the variation of seismic amplitude with offset or angle Signup and view all the answers