Geomorphology: Landforms, Geomorphic Processes, Weathering

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Los landforms se refieren a las características naturales en la superficie de la Tierra, como montañas y mesetas.

True

La erosión es un proceso geomorfológico que implica la acumulación de sedimentos.

False

La deposición es el movimiento de materiales de un lugar a otro, impulsado por el agua, el viento o el hielo.

False

El desgaste de rocas y suelos en fragmentos más pequeños se conoce como erosión.

False

Los procesos geomorfológicos son las fuerzas que crean y modifican los landforms.

True

La meteorización prepara las rocas y suelos para la erosión y la deposición.

True

El equilibrio __________ describe una condición en un sistema donde la distribución de masa y energía se mueve hacia la máxima entropía.

termodinámico

El equilibrio __________ ocurre cuando hay estados promedio no repetidos a lo largo del tiempo.

dinámico

El equilibrio __________ está donde la fuerza y la reacción están balanceadas y las propiedades del sistema permanecen invariables a lo largo del tiempo.

estático

En un equilibrio __________ el sistema muestra tendencias de regresar al mismo equilibrio después de una perturbación.

estable

En un equilibrio __________ el sistema regresa a un nuevo equilibrio después de una perturbación.

inestable

Los mecanismos de ______ controlan el estado del sistema al amortiguar o reducir el tamaño de los elementos o atributos del sistema.

retroalimentación

La ______ ocurre cuando el estado del sistema de un organismo depende no solo de un estímulo original, sino también de los resultados de su estado previo.

retroalimentación

Un feedback positivo causa un cambio autosostenido que aumenta el estado de un ______.

sistema

La presencia de mecanismos de retroalimentación negativa y positiva en un sistema resulta en la ______.

autorregulación

El tamaño de la población en relación con el suministro de alimentos produce una ______ negativa a medida que la fertilidad de los áfidos comienza a disminuir.

retroalimentación

Study Notes

Geomorphology: Landforms, Geomorphic Processes, Weathering

Geomorphology is the scientific study of the origin and evolution of topographic and bathymetric elements, such as hills, valleys, and coastlines, through physical or chemical processes at or near the Earth's surface. It encompasses several key aspects, including landforms, geomorphic processes, and weathering.

Landforms

Landforms refer to natural features on the Earth's surface, ranging from minor irregularities to major landmasses like mountains and plateaus. They are shaped by various combinations of tectonic, volcanic, glacial, fluvial, coastal, wind, and mass movement processes acting upon rocks and soils. Examples of landforms include deltas, gorges, mesas, and buttes.

Geomorphic Processes

Geomorphic processes are the forces that create and modify landforms. Some of the primary processes include:

  • Erosion: The wearing away of the Earth's surface by agents such as water (e.g., rivers), wind, or ice (e.g., glaciers).
  • Deposition: The accumulation of sediments, such as by river or wind action, or by the fallout of volcanic ash.
  • Transportation: The movement of materials from one place to another, such as by water, wind, or ice.
  • Weathering: The breaking down of rocks and soils into smaller fragments by physical, chemical, and biological processes.

Weathering

Weathering is a critical component of geomorphology, as it prepares rocks and soils for erosion and deposition. There are two main types of weathering:

  1. Physical Weathering: This occurs when rocks and soils are broken down by mechanical forces such as freezing and thawing, the expansion and contraction of clay minerals, or impact by stones and ice.
  2. Chemical Weathering: This involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through chemical reactions, such as the dissolution of minerals by water or the oxidation of iron in the presence of oxygen.

In summary, geomorphology is a multidisciplinary field that examines the Earth's surface features and the processes that shape them. Understanding landforms, geomorphic processes, and weathering is essential for comprehending how the Earth evolves and responds to environmental changes.

Learn about the study of topographic and bathymetric elements, including landforms, geomorphic processes, and weathering in geomorphology. Explore how natural features are shaped by tectonic, volcanic, glacial, and other processes, and the forces that create and modify landforms through erosion, deposition, transportation, and weathering.

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