Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following processes is most closely associated with the creation of a U-shaped valley?
Which of the following processes is most closely associated with the creation of a U-shaped valley?
- Tectonic uplift followed by weathering.
- Wind erosion in an arid environment.
- Glacial erosion during an ice age. (correct)
- Fluvial erosion by a mature river system.
What is the primary difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
What is the primary difference between mechanical and chemical weathering?
- Mechanical weathering occurs only in cold climates, while chemical weathering occurs only in warm climates.
- Mechanical weathering changes the chemical composition of the rock, while chemical weathering does not.
- Mechanical weathering involves the physical breakdown of rocks, while chemical weathering involves the alteration of the rock's chemical composition. (correct)
- Mechanical weathering is caused by living organisms, while chemical weathering is caused by non-living factors.
Which type of mass wasting is characterized by a slow, gradual downhill movement of soil and regolith?
Which type of mass wasting is characterized by a slow, gradual downhill movement of soil and regolith?
- Mudflow
- Creep (correct)
- Rockslide
- Lahar
What is the primary driving force behind all forms of mass wasting?
What is the primary driving force behind all forms of mass wasting?
How does the presence of vegetation typically affect the rate of soil erosion?
How does the presence of vegetation typically affect the rate of soil erosion?
Which of the following is a significant factor contributing to the chemical weathering of rocks?
Which of the following is a significant factor contributing to the chemical weathering of rocks?
What role do joints play in the weathering process?
What role do joints play in the weathering process?
How does climate influence the rate and type of weathering?
How does climate influence the rate and type of weathering?
What is the primary difference between a slump and a rockslide?
What is the primary difference between a slump and a rockslide?
Which of the following human activities is most likely to increase the risk of mass wasting events?
Which of the following human activities is most likely to increase the risk of mass wasting events?
Flashcards
Geomorphology
Geomorphology
Geomorphology is the study of the Earth's physical landforms and the processes that create and modify them.
Study Notes
Geomorphology for NDA Preparation
- Geomorphology is the study of landforms, including their origin, evolution, and the processes that shape them.
Endogenic Forces
- Endogenic forces originate from within the earth.
- These forces play a crucial role in creating relief features on the Earth's surface.
- Endogenic forces are mainly diastrophism and volcanism.
Diastrophism
- Diastrophism involves processes that move and deform the Earth's crust.
- It includes: Orogenesis, Epeirogenesis, Faulting, and Folding.
Orogenesis
- Orogenesis is the process of mountain building.
- It involves folding and faulting, which leads to the formation of mountain ranges.
Epeirogenesis
- Epeirogenesis involves the uplift or subsidence of large landmasses.
- It causes changes in the elevation of continents or parts of continents.
Faulting
- Faulting occurs when rocks fracture and move along a fault plane.
- It can result in the formation of rift valleys and block mountains.
Folding
- Folding happens when rocks bend due to compressive forces.
- It leads to the creation of anticlines (upfolds) and synclines (downfolds).
Volcanism
- Volcanism includes the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the Earth's surface.
- It leads to the formation of volcanoes, lava plateaus, and other volcanic features.
Exogenic Forces
- Exogenic forces come from the Earth's surface.
- These forces wear down and modify the landforms created by endogenic forces.
- It includes: Weathering, Erosion, Mass Wasting, and Deposition.
Weathering
- Weathering is the breakdown of rocks, soils, and minerals through direct contact with the Earth’s atmosphere.
- It includes: Chemical Weathering, Physical Weathering, and Biological Weathering.
Chemical Weathering
- Chemical weathering involves the decomposition of rocks through chemical reactions.
- Example processes: oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation.
Physical Weathering
- Physical weathering is the disintegration of rocks into smaller pieces without changing their chemical composition.
- Example processes: frost action, abrasion, and exfoliation.
Biological Weathering
- Biological weathering is the weakening and subsequent disintegration of rock by plants, animals, and microbes.
Erosion
- Erosion is the process of wearing away and transporting soil and rock by natural agents.
- Key agents of erosion: water, wind, and ice.
Mass Wasting
- Mass wasting involves the downslope movement of rock and soil under the influence of gravity.
- Examples: landslides, mudflows, and soil creep.
Deposition
- Deposition is the accumulation of sediments.
- It leads to the formation of sedimentary landforms such as floodplains, deltas, and sand dunes.
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