Geology Terms and Definitions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Match the geological terms with their correct definitions:

Igneous intrusion = Magma that cools within existing rock layers Law of Superposition = Older rock layers are found below younger layers Erosion = Wearing away of rock layers by natural forces Fault = Fracture in rock layers causing displacement

Match the processes below with their effects on rock layers:

Erosion = Changes size and shape of rock layers Igneous intrusion = Forms new rock from cooled magma Faulting = Creates fractures in rock layers Superposition = Determines relative age of rock layers

Match the layers of rock with their sequence from oldest to youngest:

Layer A = Oldest layer Layer B = Younger than A Layer C = Younger than B Layer D = Youngest layer

Match the following statements about rocks with their corresponding truths:

Inclined layers = Can result from geological forces or fault activity Magma pushes up = Does not usually break the surface Vertical rock formation = May indicate tectonic forces acting upon them Original horizontality = Layers are deposited flat before any disturbance Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions with the geological principles:

Relative dating = Determining age based on position in layers Principle of Original Horizontality = Sediments are originally deposited in horizontal layers Cross-cutting relationships = Younger features cut through older features Unconformity = A gap in the geological record Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological processes with their respective outcomes:

Erosion = Loss of rock material due to weathering Intrusion = Injection of magma into rock layers Folding = Bending of rock layers due to stress Faulting = Breaking and sliding of rock layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological terms with their effects:

Fault = Causes fractures in rock layers Intrusion = Creates new igneous rock Erosion = Removes material and alters shapes Superposition = Establishes relative ages of layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological features to their characteristics:

Fold = Rock layers bent due to pressure Fault = Displacement along a fracture Unconformity = Missing time in the geological record Intrusion = Magma pushing up through existing rock Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological principles with their descriptions:

Law of Superposition = Older rock layers are found below younger layers Principle of Horizontality = Layers of rock are originally deposited horizontally Igneous Intrusion = Rock that cuts through existing layers is younger than those layers Fault = A break in the earth's crust that can disrupt rock layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following dating methods with their characteristics:

Relative Dating = Determines the sequence of events based on layer position Radiometric Dating = Uses decay of isotopes to determine absolute ages Carbon-14 Dating = Effective for dating organic materials up to 60,000 years Uranium Dating = Can date materials between 1 million and 4.5 billion years old Signup and view all the answers

Match the geologic features with their corresponding ages:

Rock Layer A = Youngest rock layer according to one student Rock Feature E = Youngest feature according to the second student Fault = Generally younger than the layers it fractures Igneous Intrusion = Typically younger than the rock it cuts through Signup and view all the answers

Match the events with their corresponding geological terms:

F = An event that happened after all layers were deposited G = An event representing an intrusion affecting surrounding layers H = An event indicating a significant geological change Geologic Cross Section = A visual representation of layered rock formations Signup and view all the answers

Match the following layers in a geologic cross section based on age:

Layer A = Possibly youngest in some interpretations Layer B = May be older depending on its position Layer C = Might be older than layers above it Layer D = Generally older than the features it contains Signup and view all the answers

Match the advantages or disadvantages of radiometric dating with their effects:

Advantage of Radiometric Dating = Provides exact ages of rocks Disadvantage of Radiometric Dating = Requires specific materials to study Advantage of Relative Dating = Simple to use and requires less technology Disadvantage of Relative Dating = Does not provide precise numerical ages Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological concepts with the correct statements:

Law of Superposition = Establishes that younger layers lie above older ones Principle of Horizontality = Indicates original horizontal formation of sediment Fault = Can signify later geological events Igneous Intrusion = Can challenge the dating of surrounding layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the isotopes with their dating capabilities:

Carbon-14 = Used for dating up to 60,000 years Uranium-238 = Effective for dating billions of years Uranium-235 = Useful in dating geological formations Decay Products = Indicate the age of the original material Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological terms with their meanings:

Sedimentary Rock = Formed from compacted layers of sediment Fault = A fracture in rock layers due to movement Igneous Intrusion = Magma that penetrates existing rock layers Geologic Cross Section = A vertical slice through rock layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their related concepts:

Horizontal Deposition = Sediment layers settle due to gravity Relative Age = Comparison of ages of rock layers Rock Layer Sequence = Ordering layers from oldest to youngest Fossil Dating = Using fossils to establish the relative age of layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of disturbances with their timing relative to rock layers:

Fault = Younger than the rock layers it fractures Igneous Intrusion = Younger than the layers it cuts through Sedimentary Layer = Older than the layers deposited above it Time Interval = The period during which layers were formed Signup and view all the answers

Match each statement with the correct principle:

Younger layers are deposited on top = Law of Superposition Sediment is compacted to form rock = Principle of Original Horizontality Disruptive events must be younger = Cross-Cutting Relationships Age determination relative to other layers = Relative Dating Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their occurrences:

Compaction = Transforms sediment into sedimentary rock Depositional Environment = Where sediments are laid down Fault Formation = Occurs after layers have been established Cross-Cutting Action = Occurs in younger geological events Signup and view all the answers

Match the rock formations with their characteristics:

B = Layer immediately above A C = Layer above B but below D A = The lowest visible rock layer D = The uppermost visible layer Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their applications in geology:

Sediment Accumulation = Deposits layers that will form rock Nailing down ages of layers = Uses fossil records Understanding rock continuity = Helps in assessing geological history Determining stability of formations = Cross-Cutting Relationships Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological principles with their descriptions:

Law of Superposition = The oldest rock layers are at the bottom Principle of Original Horizontality = Sediment is deposited in flat rows Cross-Cutting Relationships = A fault is younger than the layers it cuts Intrusive Relationships = An igneous intrusion is younger than the rocks it cuts Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological processes with their effects:

Erosion = Shapes the landscape by wearing away rock Faulting = Creates fractures in rock layers Igneous Intrusion = Introduces new rock into existing layers Sedimentation = Deposits particles to form new rock layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

Relative Dating = Determining the age of rock layers relative to one another Geologic Cross Section = A representation of rock layers in a vertical slice Sedimentary Rock = Rock formed from particles of other rocks and organic material Fossils = Remains of ancient organisms preserved in rock Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of rock with its formation process:

Igneous Rock = Forms from cooled magma or lava Sedimentary Rock = Forms from the accumulation of sediments Metamorphic Rock = Forms from existing rocks undergoing heat and pressure Limestone = Can form from marine organisms' shells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following events with their sequences:

Sediment deposition = Occurs before sedimentary rock forms Faulting = Can occur post rock formation Erosion = Shapes rocks and can expose older layers Intrusive events = Cut through existing rock layers Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of dating methods with their functions:

Relative Dating = Determines the sequence of geological events Absolute Dating = Determines the actual age of rock layers Stratigraphy = Studying rock layers and layering Radiometric Dating = Uses radioactive decay to determine age Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological tools with their uses:

Geological Hammer = Used to break rock and collect samples Compass Clino = Measures angles of rock formations Hand Lens = Magnifies small details in minerals Map Grinder = Creates detailed maps of geological formations Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological events with their resulting actions:

Fault = Displacement of rock layers Erosion = Removal of surface materials by wind or water Igneous Intrusion = Formation of new rock from cooled magma Sedimentary Layering = Accumulation of sediments over time Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of rock formations with their characteristics:

Sedimentary Rocks = Often contain fossils Igneous Rocks = Formed from the cooling of magma Metamorphic Rocks = Created by heat and pressure Claim = A statement that answers a testable question Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of the CER framework with their explanations:

Claim = A one-sentence statement answering a question Evidence = Scientific data supporting the claim Reasoning = The explanation of why the evidence supports the claim Data = Information collected through observations and experiments Signup and view all the answers

Match the following rock formation types with when fossils are likely found:

Mudstone = Commonly contains fossils Granite = Rarely contains fossils Limestone = Often contains fossils due to marine origins Basalt = Unlikely to contain fossils due to formation process Signup and view all the answers

Match the following statements about sedimentary rock formations with their effects:

Layering = Indicates the passage of time Fossils = Provide evidence of past life Sediment Composition = Can inform about ancient environments Physical Weathering = Breaks down rocks without changing their composition Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological terms with their definitions:

Erosion = Process that moves materials from one location to another Sedimentation = Process of depositing materials carried by wind or water Intrusion = Magma that penetrates and crystallizes within existing rock Cross-cutting = A principle that helps date geological features Signup and view all the answers

Match the following geological layer types with their descriptions:

Strata = Layers of sedimentary rocks Unconformity = A gap in the geological record Intrusive Rock = Rock formed from magma below the Earth's surface Fossil Record = Remains or traces of organisms from past geologic times Signup and view all the answers

Match the rules of relative dating with their definitions:

Law of Superposition = Sedimentary layers are deposited in horizontal layers. Principle of Original Horizontality = The oldest rock layers are at the bottom. Cross-Cutting Relationships = A fault is younger than the layers it cuts. Intrusive Relationships = An igneous intrusion is younger than the layers it intrudes. Signup and view all the answers

Match the definitions with the correct terms in relative dating:

Erosion = The process that changes the size and shape of rock layers. Relative Age = Age of a rock layer in comparison to other layers. Igneous Intrusion = Magma that has cooled and solidified within rock layers. Fault = A break in the Earth's crust where movement has occurred. Signup and view all the answers

Match each term with its related principle in geology:

Sedimentary Rock = Formed by the accumulation of sediment. Geologic Cross Section = A representation of rock layers in a specific location. Fossils = Remains of ancient life found within rock layers. Strata = Layers of rock that can show Earth's history. Signup and view all the answers

Match the geological concepts with their roles in relative dating:

Superposition = Determines which rocks are older or younger. Horizontal Deposits = Sets the original position of sedimentary layers. Disturbances = Events that can alter the sequence of rock layers. Erosion = Can remove layers, complicating relative dating. Signup and view all the answers

Match the term with its associated dating method:

Relative Dating = Determining age based on position and relationships. Absolute Dating = Measuring exact age using radioactive decay. Stratigraphy = Studying rock layers and layering. Paleontology = Using fossils to study geological history. Signup and view all the answers

Match each geological feature with its significance:

Cross-Cutting Relationships = Used to determine the relative ages of layers. Fossil Record = Provides evidence of life forms at different periods. Rock Layers = Show chronological history of Earth's surface. Intrusions = Indicate periods of volcanic activity within geological history. Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Relative Dating

The process of determining the order in which rock layers were formed without knowing their exact age.

Law of Superposition

A fundamental principle stating that in undisturbed sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layers are at the bottom and the youngest are at the top.

Principle of Original Horizontality

This principle asserts that sedimentary layers are initially deposited horizontally due to the influence of gravity.

Cross-Cutting Relationship

A geological feature that cuts across existing rock layers, indicating that it is younger than the layers it intersects.