Ass #3 Key Terms and Concepts

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Questions and Answers

What are the two primary types of rocks where diamonds form?

Basalt and Granite

Shale and Limestone

Sandstone and Quartzite

Peridotite and Eclogite (correct)

Which geological formations are known to transport diamonds to the surface?

Basalt and Rhyolite

Kimberlite and Lamproite (correct)

Gneiss and Diorite

Granite and Schist

What is the most common cause of blue color in diamonds?

High Temperature during Formation

Presence of Nitrogen

Absence of Oxygen

Inclusion of Boron (correct)

Where do diamonds primarily form when carbon is available?

Within mantle keels Signup and view all the answers

Which type of diamond is known to be the toughest?

Carbonado Diamonds Signup and view all the answers

What is the toughest form of diamond made up of many tiny diamond crystals?

Carbonado Signup and view all the answers

What geological process delivers diamonds to the earth's surface?

Eruption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the composition of diamond and graphite?

Both are composed of carbon. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary layer of the earth where most diamond deposits can be found?

Cratons Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the process of subduction?

An oceanic plate is forced downward into the mantle. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'pipe' in geological terms?

A deep vertical formation resulting from a kimberlite eruption. Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the earth's structure is known to be the innermost layer?

Core Signup and view all the answers

What drives the movement of the earth's plates?

Mantle convection Signup and view all the answers

The transition zone is ....?

The layer between the upper and lower mantles. Signup and view all the answers

A Diamond that formed at 410 km or deeper beneath the earth’s surface is ?

Super Deep Diamond Signup and view all the answers

A natural material composed of one or more kinds of minerals is a ?

Rock Signup and view all the answers

The majority of mined diamonds are superdeep or ?

Lithospheric Signup and view all the answers

Diamond formation requires extreme pressures and temperatures, and ?

a source of carbon Signup and view all the answers

Mantle keels under cratons are an environment for ?

the condition for diamond formation Signup and view all the answers

Cratons are ?

Large, ancient, stable parts of the earth’s landmasses. Signup and view all the answers

The surface and outer most layer of the earth is ?

Crust Signup and view all the answers

Rare diamond that forms in the continental crust at or near the earth’s surface due to meteorite impact or tectonic plate collision is ?

Crustal Diamond Signup and view all the answers

A Carbonate is a class of chemical compounds that contains ...?

Carbon and oxygen Signup and view all the answers

A CLIPPER diamond is defined as ?

Cullinan-like, Large, Inclusion-Poor, Pure, Irregular, and Resorbed diamond. Signup and view all the answers

The rate of temperature increase with depth in the earth is called ?

Geothermal Gradient Signup and view all the answers

A type of rock formed from a molten state.

Igneous Rock Signup and view all the answers

The theory of the formation, structure, and movement of the earth’s landmasses is ?

Plate Tectonics Signup and view all the answers

A large, downward-protruding portion of the lithosphere under a craton is ?

Mantle Keels Signup and view all the answers

The layer that contains the crust and the uppermost part of the mantle ....?

Lithosphere Signup and view all the answers

Boron in blue diamonds originates from ...?

oceanic plates Signup and view all the answers

Diamonds were delivered to the surface between ?

2.5 billion and 20 million years ago Signup and view all the answers

Any molten rock within the earth is ?

Magma Signup and view all the answers

The layer between the earth's crust and its core is ?

Mantle Signup and view all the answers

A process in which chemical changes in minerals and rocks result from the introduction of material from external sources, often fluids or melts.

Metasomatism Signup and view all the answers

A type of rock that has been altered by heat and pressure.

Metamorphic Signup and view all the answers

A natural, inorganic substance with characteristic chemical composition and usually characteristic structure.

Mineral Signup and view all the answers

• The earth’s basic structure consists of......

crust, mantle, and core Signup and view all the answers

What type of diamonds form deeper within the mantle opposed to mantle keels ?

Superdeep Diamonds Signup and view all the answers

Inclusions can indicate ....

where the diamond was formed in the earth Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential part of diamond formation?

Subduction Signup and view all the answers

Kimberlite tends to occur in the center of cratons, while lamproite occurs ....

at their edge Signup and view all the answers

The mantle can be divided into three broad layers....

the upper mantle, lower mantle, and a transition zone in between. Signup and view all the answers

Kimberlite and lamproite form .........

Pipe Deposits Signup and view all the answers

CLIPPIR diamonds crystallized from ....

metallic melts in the transition zone or the lower mantle. Signup and view all the answers

Diamond-bearing kimberlite is much more common than diamond-bearing ...........

Lamproite Signup and view all the answers

Very few kimberlites or lamproites contain diamonds in ......?

economic (large) quantities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diamond Formation

Diamonds are composed of carbon.
Earth's structure includes crust, mantle, and core.
Mantle has upper, lower, and transition zones.
Mantle convection moves Earth's plates.
Subduction is crucial in diamond formation.
Diamonds form in peridotite and eclogite rocks.
High pressure, temperature, and carbon needed for formation.
Mantle keels (under cratons) have diamond-forming conditions.
Not all diamonds form in mantle keels; some are superdeep.
Diamond formation occurs where carbon bonds with other carbon atoms without oxygen
Inclusions can trace a diamond's origin within the Earth.
Most mined diamonds are lithospheric or superdeep.
Boron creates blue diamonds (originates from oceanic plates).
Carbonado is a tough form of diamond.

Diamond Transport

Diamonds reached Earth's surface between 2.5 billion and 20 million years ago.
Kimberlite and lamproite carry diamonds to the surface.
Kimberlite more common than lamproite.
Kimberlite usually found in craton centers; lamproite at edges.
Kimberlite and lamproite are pipe deposits.
Few kimberlites/lamproites have economic diamond quantities.

Diamond Properties

Carbonado is the strongest form of diamond.
CLIPPIR diamonds formed from metallic melts (transition zone/lower mantle).

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Description

Explore the fascinating processes of diamond formation and transport within the Earth. This quiz covers the essential conditions required for diamonds to form, their journey from the mantle to the surface, and the geological features involved. Test your knowledge on the various rock types and conditions that influence diamond characteristics.