Geology Quiz: Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
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Questions and Answers

Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from minerals that precipitate from water?

  • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
  • Metamorphic Rocks
  • Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (correct)
  • Organic Sedimentary Rocks

What process primarily differentiates metamorphic rocks from other types of rocks?

  • Binding by minerals
  • Change due to heat and pressure (correct)
  • Formation from organic materials
  • Cooling of lava

What is a major characteristic of clastic sedimentary rocks?

  • They are composed mostly of marine organisms
  • They contain fossils
  • They are formed from rock fragments (correct)
  • They arise from high temperature conditions

Which metamorphic rock is formed from limestone?

<p>Marble (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the condition under which regional metamorphism occurs?

<p>Due to tectonic forces over large areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT describe a physical change?

<p>Burning wood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason why sedimentary rocks are significant?

<p>They contain fossils and help to record past life. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is a part of the rock cycle?

<p>Change of rocks from one type to another (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during evaporation?

<p>Particles gain energy and escape into the gas phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does condensation primarily involve?

<p>Gas particles cooling and slowing down to form a liquid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a solution?

<p>A type of mixture where a solute dissolves in a solvent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary result of diffusion?

<p>Particles of different substances mix evenly throughout a space. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which observation indicates a chemical change has occurred?

<p>There is a permanent color change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a chemical reaction?

<p>New substances are created by rearranging atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are reactants in a chemical reaction?

<p>The original substances that undergo change. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes combustion?

<p>The burning of materials with oxygen to release light and heat. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary outcome of photosynthesis?

<p>Oxygen gas and glucose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes respiration?

<p>A series of chemical reactions that break down glucose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of chemical weathering?

<p>The gradual breaking down of rocks due to reactions with chemicals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the hierarchy of the body systems, what comes after tissues?

<p>Organs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ system is primarily responsible for removing waste from the body?

<p>Excretory system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves breaking down food into smaller pieces without changing its chemical composition?

<p>Mechanical digestion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first part of the digestive tract where digestion begins?

<p>Mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes chemical digestion?

<p>The complex food substances are broken into simpler chemicals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of incisors in the digestive process?

<p>To bite off pieces small enough to chew (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does saliva assist in the digestion process?

<p>It changes starch into glucose and moistens food (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the epiglottis play during swallowing?

<p>It prevents food from entering the windpipe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process occurs in the oesophagus to move food towards the stomach?

<p>Peristalsis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long can food be stored in the stomach?

<p>1-6 hours (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gastric juice primarily involved in during digestion?

<p>Breaking down food and killing bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the sphincter muscle at the end of the oesophagus?

<p>To separate the oesophagus from the stomach (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of teeth is primarily responsible for grinding food?

<p>Premolars and molars (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of plasma in the blood?

<p>Carry hormones and nutrients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the kidneys' filtration involves reabsorption of useful substances?

<p>More than 90% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is primarily responsible for processing nutrients and filtering toxins from the blood?

<p>Liver (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the urge to urinate in the bladder?

<p>When there is at least 300ml of urine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the excretory system contribute to maintaining a healthy internal environment?

<p>Through filtration and removal of waste products (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sphincter muscles in the urinary system?

<p>Facilitate the passage of urine out of the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What waste product is exhaled by the lungs during respiration?

<p>Carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about urine is correct?

<p>It is a liquid waste product composed mainly of water and urea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hemoglobin in red blood cells?

<p>To transport oxygen to the body's cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the exhalation process in the respiratory system?

<p>The diaphragm relaxes, pushing air out of the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system plays a role in filtering and warming air?

<p>Nasal cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the waste product of cellular respiration that is exhaled from the lungs?

<p>Carbon dioxide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which blood components are primarily responsible for fighting infections?

<p>White blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of capillaries in the circulatory system?

<p>Facilitate the exchange of gases and nutrients between blood and tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the heart is true?

<p>It is a muscular organ that pumps blood systematically (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does mucus in the nasal cavity play?

<p>It traps dust and pathogens from entering the lungs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cementation

Minerals fill the gaps between sediments, binding them together.

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks made of broken pieces of other rocks (clasts).

Metamorphic Rocks

Rocks changed by heat and pressure, but not melted.

Contact Metamorphism

Metamorphism near an igneous intrusion, caused by heat from magma.

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Regional Metamorphism

Metamorphism over large areas due to tectonic forces.

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Physical Change

A change that doesn't alter the substance's chemical makeup, only its physical form.

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Rock Cycle

The continuous process of rocks changing from one type to another.

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Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks formed from sediment.

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Evaporation

The process where particles gain enough energy to escape from a liquid's surface, forming a gas.

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Boiling Point

The temperature at which all particles in a liquid have enough energy to escape as a gas (forming bubbles).

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Condensation

Particles in a gas slow down due to cooling, causing intermolecular forces to unite them into a liquid.

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Mixture

Two or more pure substances mixed together, but not chemically bonded.

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Solution

A type of mixture where one substance (solute) dissolves in another (solvent).

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Chemical Change

A change where new substances are formed with different properties.

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Physical Change

A change where the form or state of matter changes, but no new substance is created.

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Combustion

A chemical reaction involving burning with oxygen, releasing light & heat.

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Photosynthesis

A series of chemical reactions where sunlight converts water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose.

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Respiration

The process of obtaining energy from food by combining glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water.

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Chemical Weathering

The breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions with substances in the environment, like rain or snow.

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Digestion

The process of breaking down food into usable nutrients.

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Mechanical Digestion

Breaking down food into smaller pieces physically.

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Chemical Digestion

Breaking down large food molecules into smaller, simpler ones by chemical reactions.

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Body Systems

Groups of organs working together to perform specific tasks in the body.

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Digestive System

The system responsible for breaking down and absorbing nutrients from food.

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Chemical Digestion

The breakdown of food into smaller, absorbable molecules through chemical reactions.

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Teeth (Incisors)

Front teeth used for biting off pieces of food.

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Saliva's Role

Moistens food, begins starch digestion (to sugars), and makes swallowing easier.

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Bolus Formation

A ball-shaped mass of chewed food, ready for swallowing.

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Oesophagus

A muscular tube that moves food from the mouth to the stomach, using peristalsis.

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Peristalsis

Wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract.

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Sphincters

Circular muscles that control the flow of food between different parts of the digestive system.

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Gastric Juice

A mixture of enzymes and acids produced by the stomach that helps break down food.

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Oxygen Diffusion

Oxygen from the alveoli moves into the bloodstream, attaching to hemoglobin in red blood cells.

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Carbon Dioxide Diffusion

Carbon dioxide from the bloodstream moves into the alveoli to be exhaled.

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Exhalation

The process of breathing out air from the lungs.

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Nasal Cavity Filtering

Hairs and mucus in the nose trap dust and other particles to prevent lung damage.

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Cellular Respiration

Cells use oxygen to turn food into energy.

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Carbon Dioxide as Waste

Byproduct of cellular respiration that's removed from the body through exhalation.

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Circulatory System

Network of organs and blood vessels that moves blood throughout the body, carrying vital substances and removing waste products.

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Red Blood Cells Function

Cells that carry oxygen using hemoglobin, a protein in them.

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Plasma in Blood

The liquid part of blood carrying blood cells, nutrients, and waste.

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Blood Circulation Steps

The repeating process of blood flowing from the heart to the body, picking/dropping off oxygen, and returning to the heart.

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Kidneys' Role: Filtration

The kidneys filter blood, removing waste & returning needed parts.

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Urine Formation & Excretion

Kidneys form urine from waste & excess water; then the bladder holds it, and ureters carry it out.

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Liver Function

Filters blood, aids digestion, converts toxins to less harmful forms (urea).

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Lungs' Excretory Role

Remove carbon dioxide, which is a waste product of cellular respiration.

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Skin's Excretion

Sweat contains water, salts, and urea, helping regulate body temperature.

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Defecation

Removing solid waste from the body.

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