Geology: Granite vs Basalt Comparison

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Questions and Answers

What is one distinguishing feature of granite compared to basalt?

  • Granite primarily forms from underwater volcanic activity.
  • Granite has a higher iron content.
  • Granite is formed under higher pressure conditions.
  • Granite typically has larger crystals. (correct)

In what type of geological environment is basalt typically formed?

  • Subduction zones.
  • In mountain ranges.
  • Continental plate boundaries.
  • At oceanic ridges. (correct)

What characteristic shape is associated with basalt formations under the sea?

  • Columnar joints.
  • Sheet structures.
  • Pillow shape. (correct)
  • Dome shape.

Which process describes how granite typically forms?

<p>Slow crystallization of magma beneath the Earth's surface. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rock type would most likely be found at a subduction zone?

<p>Andesite. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Granite

An igneous rock with a coarse-grained texture, typically composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. It forms from the slow cooling and crystallization of magma deep within the Earth.

Basalt

An igneous rock with fine-grained texture, typically composed of plagioclase feldspar, pyroxene, and olivine. It forms from the rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface.

Intrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock formed when magma cools and crystallizes relatively slowly, allowing for the formation of large, visible crystals.

Extrusive Igneous Rock

Igneous rock formed when lava cools and crystallizes rapidly, resulting in small, often microscopic crystals.

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Andesite

A specific type of igneous rock that has a medium-grained texture and a composition between granite and basalt.

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Study Notes

Applying Knowledge

  • Two thin slices, one of granite and one of basalt, are presented for comparison.

Comparing Structures

  • Granite and basalt are different rock types.
  • Granite has large crystals, while basalt has smaller, more uniform crystals.
  • The different textures reveal different formation processes.

Formation and Location

  • Granite forms deep within the Earth.
  • Basalt forms closer to the Earth's surface.
  • Basalt forms underwater which explains its distinct pillow like structure.

Marine Rock

  • The document shows a marine rock.
  • The rock has a pillow shape.
  • The rock formation occurs at specific locations within the Earth's crust.

Andean Rock

  • The document shows an andesitic rock.
  • The andesitic structure is explained.

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