Geology: Earth Systems and Theories

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Questions and Answers

Which scientist is credited with the initial proposal of the continental drift theory?

  • Charles Lyell
  • James Hutton
  • Tuzo Wilson
  • Alfred Wegner (correct)

What crucial element was missing from Wegner's continental drift theory that ultimately led to its failure?

  • Evidence of past climates
  • A mechanism for continental movement (correct)
  • Fossil distribution patterns
  • Matching geological formations

Tuzo Wilson's theory of plate tectonics was considered a 'better' theory than continental drift primarily because it provided:

  • A simpler explanation
  • More evidence
  • Greater support from religious scholars
  • A mechanism for plate movement and a deeper understanding of underlying processes (correct)

Which of the following is NOT typically explained by the theory of plate tectonics?

<p>Formation of minerals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these illustrates the interaction between the hydrosphere and the geosphere?

<p>Erosion of rock by water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is geological time often categorized and measured in eras?

<p>To represent different dominant life forms and significant geological changes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the rock cycle, which of the follow is NOT a process that transforms one type of rock into another?

<p>Transpiration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The acronym 'L.O.W.E.R.N.' is likely used to describe factors influencing:

<p>Climate types. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Earth's Spheres

The interconnection and interaction of Earth's four spheres: atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere.

Continental Drift Theory

Alfred Wegener's hypothesis (early 1900s) explaining how continents moved across Earth's surface.

Plate Tectonics Theory

The process where Earth's outer layer (lithosphere) is broken into smaller plates that move over time.

The Rock Cycle

The process by which rocks transform from one type to another, driven by heat, pressure, and weathering.

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The Water Cycle

The movement of water through different states (liquid, solid, gas) on, above, and below Earth's surface.

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Geologic Eras

The study of Earth's history divided into distinct periods, reflecting significant geological events.

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Water-Rock Interaction

The interaction between water and rocks, changing their properties and landscapes.

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Canadian Climate

The process of interpreting a region's climate using factors like latitude, ocean currents, altitude, winds, and vegetation.

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Study Notes

Geo-Physical Systems

  • Explain how the four spheres interact with each other using examples like the Niagara Escarpment and the water cycle.

Continental Drift Theory

  • Alfred Wegener proposed the theory in the early 1900s.
  • Explain Wegener's key observations and interpretations.
  • Explain why Wegener's continental drift theory failed.

Plate Tectonics Theory

  • Tuzo Wilson developed the theory in the 1960s.
  • Explain how plate tectonics works, connecting processes from the core to the crust.
  • Describe how plate tectonics explains geological events like tsunamis, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.
  • Explain why plate tectonics succeeded where continental drift failed, highlighting the difference between good/bad theories and better theories.

Geologic Time

  • Explain the significance of measuring Earth's history in terms of geologic eras.

Rocks, Rock Morphology: The Rock Cycle

  • Describe how the rock cycle works from beginning to end using key terms (states and processes).
  • Explain the rock cycle as a cycle.
  • Identify examples/locations where the rock cycle can be visualized in action.

Climate: The Six Climate Factors

  • Explain the water cycle as a system of interconnected processes.
  • Explain how the water cycle interacts with the rock cycle using examples.
  • Interpret why a particular Canadian location has its specific climate using its climate graph and data within the framework of low er n climate factors.

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