Podcast
Questions and Answers
A circular dome structure is most likely to be found at which kind of location?
A circular dome structure is most likely to be found at which kind of location?
What does a geologic cross-section show?
What does a geologic cross-section show?
A vertical slice cut through a part of the crust.
What does a region of folds cut by normal faults indicate?
What does a region of folds cut by normal faults indicate?
Compression followed by tension.
Where are extremely large earthquakes likely to take place?
Where are extremely large earthquakes likely to take place?
Signup and view all the answers
In a location experiencing tensional tectonics, where would you expect faults to have larger dip angles?
In a location experiencing tensional tectonics, where would you expect faults to have larger dip angles?
Signup and view all the answers
In a symmetrical syncline fold structure, the limbs of the fold dip:
In a symmetrical syncline fold structure, the limbs of the fold dip:
Signup and view all the answers
Rocks _____________ under tensional forces than under compressive forces.
Rocks _____________ under tensional forces than under compressive forces.
Signup and view all the answers
Study of the San Andreas fault suggests that cataclastic textures are present __________, and mylonites form _______________.
Study of the San Andreas fault suggests that cataclastic textures are present __________, and mylonites form _______________.
Signup and view all the answers
What are tectonic forces that deform rocks primarily?
What are tectonic forces that deform rocks primarily?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from horizontal called?
What is the angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from horizontal called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the modification of rocks by squeezing, stretching, folding, and faulting called?
What is the modification of rocks by squeezing, stretching, folding, and faulting called?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of forces dominate at transform plate margins?
What type of forces dominate at transform plate margins?
Signup and view all the answers
Over what period commonly happens the series of tectonic events producing a mountain range?
Over what period commonly happens the series of tectonic events producing a mountain range?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of structure is a basin?
What type of structure is a basin?
Signup and view all the answers
When did the rift valleys found in the Basin and Range province form?
When did the rift valleys found in the Basin and Range province form?
Signup and view all the answers
Where can you find an example of a cross-section in nature?
Where can you find an example of a cross-section in nature?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fault is the San Andreas fault in general?
What type of fault is the San Andreas fault in general?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a fold belt?
Which of the following is an example of a fold belt?
Signup and view all the answers
What can a geologist learn by measuring the orientation of faults and fold structures?
What can a geologist learn by measuring the orientation of faults and fold structures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following types of deformation are observed along the San Andreas fault?
Which of the following types of deformation are observed along the San Andreas fault?
Signup and view all the answers
Igneous and metamorphic rocks in the crystalline basement tend to be ___________________ whereas overlying sedimentary rocks are commonly _________________.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks in the crystalline basement tend to be ___________________ whereas overlying sedimentary rocks are commonly _________________.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Circular Dome Structures
- Circular dome structures are primarily found in continental interiors.
Geologic Cross-Section
- A geologic cross-section represents a vertical slice through the Earth's crust, illustrating subsurface structures.
Folds and Faults
- A region displaying folds intersected by normal faults indicates initial compression followed by subsequent tension in geological processes.
Megathrust Faults
- Extremely large earthquakes occur on megathrust faults, typically located at continent-ocean convergent boundaries.
Tensional Tectonics
- In locations experiencing tensional tectonics, faults tend to have larger dip angles in the shallow crust compared to the deeper crust.
Symmetrical Syncline
- In a symmetrical syncline fold structure, the limbs dip toward each other, creating a "U" shape.
Rock Breaking Under Forces
- Rocks are more prone to breakage under tensional forces than under compressive forces.
Cataclastic Textures and Mylonites
- Research on the San Andreas fault indicates that cataclastic textures are found above 20 km depth, while mylonites form below this depth.
Tectonic Forces
- The primary tectonic forces responsible for rock deformation are predominantly horizontally directed.
Sedimentary Bed Inclination
- The term "dip" refers to the angle at which a sedimentary bed is inclined from the horizontal.
Deformation of Rocks
- Deformation encompasses the modification of rocks through processes such as squeezing, stretching, folding, and faulting.
Transform Plate Margins
- Shearing forces dominate at transform plate margins, leading to lateral movements of crustal blocks.
Mountain Range Formation
- The tectonic events that lead to the formation of mountain ranges typically occur over several tens of millions of years.
Basin Structure
- A basin is classified as a syncline where all sedimentary beds incline toward the center of a depression.
Rift Valleys
- The rift valleys found in the Basin and Range province formed within the last 15 million years.
Natural Cross Sections
- Natural examples of cross-sections can be observed in vertical rock walls, such as those in quarries.
San Andreas Fault Nature
- The San Andreas fault is identified as a right-lateral strike-slip fault.
Fold Belts
- The Valley and Ridge Belt of the Appalachians serves as a classic example of a fold belt.
Geological Analysis
- By measuring the orientation of faults and fold structures, geologists can infer the directions of the forces that led to folding and faulting.
Deformation Types at San Andreas
- Deformation observed along the San Andreas fault includes strike-slip faulting, reverse faulting, and instances of rifting and volcanic activity.
Crystalline Basement Rocks
- Igneous and metamorphic rocks in the crystalline basement are typically hard and brittle, whereas overlying sedimentary rocks are often soft and ductile.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts from Chapter 7 of geology. This quiz covers topics such as structural geology, seismic activity, and the geological features of continental interiors. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their learning or prepare for exams.
