Geology and Landslide Risk Assessment
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Questions and Answers

Which geological factors are considered significant in predicting rainfall-induced landslides?

  • Soil type and vegetation cover
  • Slope and soil type (correct)
  • Elevation and temperature
  • Slope and seismic activity
  • What role does rainfall play in the occurrence of landslides?

  • Weakens slope materials and rocks (correct)
  • Stimulates tectonic activity
  • Acts as a lubricant for earth movement
  • Increases the weight of slope materials
  • Which of the following conditions can lead to the inevitability of landslides on steep slopes?

  • Heavy rainfall combined with vegetation growth
  • Weakening of slope materials with additional load (correct)
  • Regular seismic activity without additional rainfall
  • Sunny weather conditions improving slope stability
  • What is a failure in the context of landslides?

    <p>A sudden collapse of the slope structure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is mentioned as being particularly useful in evaluating areas prone to landslides?

    <p>Satellite mapping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of failure is characterized by the downward movement of a slope without any rotation?

    <p>Sliding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial element for effective landslide management in vulnerable communities?

    <p>Awareness of hazard maps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a rainfall-induced landslide, which action is advisable according to safety guidelines?

    <p>Constantly monitor debris movement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT contribute to the mode of failure of a landslide?

    <p>Television signals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following strategies is NOT recommended for mitigating landslide risks?

    <p>Building near drainage paths (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be checked for after a landslide event?

    <p>Presence of trapped individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the majority of sinkholes?

    <p>Dissolution of surface rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does suffusion lead to the formation of sinkholes?

    <p>By covering cavities with sediments that erode over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does NOT contribute to the exposure of the mantle that can lead to sinkholes?

    <p>Building construction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between carbon dioxide and the formation of sinkholes?

    <p>It contributes to the creation of carbonic acid, affecting dissolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for the formation of carbonic acid in groundwater?

    <p>Exposure to atmospheric carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the temperature requirement for a typhoon to form?

    <p>More than 27°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory explains the initial instability of air leading to typhoon formation?

    <p>The Convective Theory (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key action should be avoided near a sinkhole?

    <p>Dropping objects into the sinkhole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to the development of storms after an upward lift of warm air in typhoon formation?

    <p>Low pressure area creation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Geological Hazard

    A natural event caused by geological processes that can cause harm to people or property. Examples include landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions.

    Rainfall-Induced Landslide

    A landslide triggered by heavy rainfall. It occurs when the soil becomes saturated with water, making it unstable and prone to failure.

    Factors Influencing Landslides

    Factors that contribute to landslides include: steep slopes, weak soil, weathered rocks, and overloading of the slope.

    Satellite Mapping for Landslides

    Using satellites to monitor and evaluate areas prone to landslides. This helps in identifying and understanding landslide risks.

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    Landslide Failure Types

    Different ways a landslide can occur, each with distinct characteristics. Examples include slides, flows, and falls.

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    Falling

    A type of landslide where rocks or soil detach from a steep slope and fall vertically, often due to gravity or undercutting.

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    Toppling

    Landslide where a block of rock or soil rotates forward and falls, typically caused by undercutting or slope instability.

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    Sliding

    A landslide where a mass of rock or soil moves downslope along a defined surface. It's often triggered by rainfall or earthquakes.

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    Spreading

    A landslide where soil or rock moves horizontally outward from a central point, typically caused by groundwater pressure or seismic activity.

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    Flowing

    A landslide where soil or rock mixes with water and flows downhill like a viscous fluid. It's common in areas with heavy rainfall or snowmelt.

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    Sinkhole

    A depression in the ground that forms when the underlying rock dissolves, creating a void that collapses.

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    Dissolution

    The process where rock dissolves, usually due to acidic water, creating voids in the ground.

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    Suffusion

    The process where sediments over time fill pre-existing cavities underneath the ground, leading to erosion and eventual collapse.

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    Cover-collapse sinkhole

    A type of sinkhole that forms when the overlying soil collapses into a pre-existing void in the underlying rock.

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    Gradual cover-subsidence sinkhole

    A slow, gradual subsidence of the ground where sediments slowly erode into cavities below, leading to a sinkhole.

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    What dissolves rocks in sinkholes?

    Carbonic acid, formed by the reaction of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere with water, dissolves rocks, leading to sinkhole formation.

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    Why are sinkholes connected to groundwater?

    Sinkholes form as the underlying rock is dissolved by acidic groundwater, which is also a source of drinking water for many communities.

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    What are trade winds?

    Trade winds are persistent winds that blow towards the equator from the subtropics. They play a crucial role in typhoon formation.

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    Convective Theory of Typhoon Formation

    The Convective Theory suggests that warm, moist air rises due to instability, forming an area of low pressure. This draws in surrounding air, leading to a cyclonic circulation.

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    What is the role of Earth's rotation in typhoon formation?

    Earth's rotation, along with the outward flow of air from the center of the storm at high levels, contributes to strengthening the low pressure and forming a swirling pattern.

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    Study Notes

    Extreme Weather: Cold and Heat

    • Heat Wave: A period of excessively hot weather, leading to potential health problems.
    • Definition: Daily maximum temperature exceeds the average by 5°C (9°F) for a prolonged period.
    • Negative effects: Skin cancer, heat stroke, dehydration, sunburn.
    • Heat Cramps: Muscle pain and cramps due to excessive exertion in hot conditions.
    • Heat Exhaustion: Occurs when excessive sweating leads to dehydration in hot, humid conditions.
    • Heat Stroke: A life-threatening condition where the body's temperature control system fails, leading to a dangerously high body temperature (can result in death).

    Extreme Weather: Cold

    • Cold Wave: A rapid drop in temperature within a short period.
    • Criteria: A sharp drop of 3-4°C or more below normal temperatures in regions where normal temperatures are above 40°C, or a drop of 7°C or more if normal temperatures are below 40°C, over 24 hours.
    • Impact: Freezing of pipes and water mains, increased demand for heating, rise in fires.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the significant geological factors involved in predicting rainfall-induced landslides and the role of rainfall in their occurrence. It also covers modes of failure, management strategies, and safety guidelines for vulnerable communities. Test your understanding of landslides and sinkholes through various thought-provoking questions.

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