Geology 122: Weathering and Soils Lecture Notes
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Questions and Answers

Which soil order is characterized by a thick O horizon (peat) formed by accumulation of organic matter that fails to decompose?

  • Histosol (correct)
  • Gelisol
  • Ultisol
  • Oxisol

In which soil order do you typically find soils with aluminum and iron, forming in semiarid to humid areas?

  • Spodosol
  • Alfisol (correct)
  • Ultisol
  • Gelisol

Which soil order is similar to Alfisol but more highly weathered and may contain laterite or bauxite horizons?

  • Ultisol
  • Spodosol
  • Histosol
  • Oxisol (correct)

What type of soils are characteristic of coniferous forests in cooler climates with a thick O horizon?

<p>Histosol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil order is most likely to be found in permafrost areas?

<p>Gelisol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what soil order are heavily leached soils that resemble Alfisols but are more weathered found?

<p>Ultisol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What soil order is typically found in tropical rainforest environments?

<p>Ultisol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indication of a high degree of weathering in a soil?

<p>Presence of clay-enriched horizons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the USDA soil classification system, which soil texture class has the highest proportion of sand?

<p>Sand (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil characteristic is typically associated with well-drained, nutrient-rich forest soils?

<p>Thick, organic-rich surface horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of soil feature is indicated by the presence of cutans, glaebules, and pedotubules?

<p>Soil structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of duricrust or hardpan layer that forms in soils?

<p>Ferricrete (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil order is characterized by a high glass content due to formation on volcanic ash?

<p>Andisol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Vertisols?

<p>Tendency to shrink and swell, forming deep cracks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil order is characterized by a thick, organic-rich A horizon and a B horizon enriched in clay or calcium carbonate?

<p>Mollisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil order is indicative of an early stage of soil development with no B horizon development?

<p>Entisol (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which soil order forms under desert conditions and is characterized by slow soil formation and scarce accumulated organic matter?

<p>Aridisol (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of Inceptisols?

<p>Young soil with some leaching in the A horizon and a weakly developed B horizon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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