Geological Time and Evolution Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the principle of superposition?

  • Only fossils dictate the age of the layers.
  • Younger rocks and fossils are found at the bottom.
  • Oldest rocks and fossils are found at the bottom. (correct)
  • Rocks are layered randomly without a specific order.

Which of the following units represents the longest amount of geologic time?

  • Eons (correct)
  • Periods
  • Eras
  • Epochs

Which era is known for the development of mammals and birds?

  • Paleozoic
  • Cenozoic (correct)
  • Mesozoic
  • Proterozoic

What is typically true about adaptations observed in a population?

<p>They improve the population's fitness in its environment. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the shortest unit of geologic time?

<p>Epochs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all marine and terrestrial species became extinct during the Late Triassic?

<p>76% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event allowed dinosaurs to become the dominant land animals on Earth?

<p>End-Triassic extinction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What concept suggests that the laws of nature have remained constant over time?

<p>Uniformitarianism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups was completely wiped out during the Late Cretaceous extinction?

<p>Non-avian dinosaurs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can lead to changes in gene pools?

<p>Diseases and extinctions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the Late Cretaceous extinction event?

<p>K-T mass extinction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding mutations in genes?

<p>Genes can change, and the environment will decide their effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species were affected during the Late Cretaceous extinction?

<p>Plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the development and diversification of living organisms over time?

<p>Evolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does non-random mating imply about mate selection?

<p>Organisms choose mates based on strength and traits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of all species were lost during the Late Permian extinction?

<p>90% of marine species and 70% of land species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many mass extinctions have occurred in Earth's history?

<p>Five (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which extinction event did 85% of marine species vanish?

<p>Late Ordovician (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which extinction event is noted for having a severe impact on marine life and reef-builders?

<p>Late Devonian (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the vulnerability to extinction throughout Earth's history?

<p>A significant percentage of living organisms have become extinct. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Principle of Superposition

Oldest rocks and fossils are at the bottom, youngest at the top.

Eons

Longest units of geologic time.

Eras

Second longest units of geologic time.

Periods

Third longest units of geologic time in Earth's history.

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Epochs

Shortest units of geologic time.

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Uniformitarianism

The idea that the natural laws haven't changed over time.

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Evolution

Living organisms change and diversify over time.

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Gene pool changes

Factors causing changes in the genes of a population.

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Non-random mating

Organisms choosing mates based on certain traits.

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Mutations

Changes in genes.

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Mass Extinctions

Large-scale events where a significant percentage of species go extinct.

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Late Ordovician Extinction

An extinction event 444 million years ago that wiped out 85% of marine species.

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Late Devonian Extinction

An extinction event 360 million years ago that eliminated roughly 75% of all species, heavily impacting marine life.

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Late Permian Extinction

The "Great Dying", 250 million years ago, almost ending life on Earth. 90% of marine life and 70% of land species vanished.

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Vulnerable species

Species particularly prone to extinction during mass extinction events.

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Late Triassic Extinction

A mass extinction event that occurred 200 million years ago, wiping out around 76% of marine and terrestrial species. It was the key event allowing dinosaurs to dominate the Earth.

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End-Triassic Extinction

Another name for the Late Triassic Extinction, marking a major turning point in Earth's history.

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K-T Extinction

The Late Cretaceous Extinction, a major mass extinction that occurred 65 million years ago, wiping out dinosaurs and other species.

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Late Cretaceous Extinction

A mass extinction event that occurred 65 million years ago and wiped out dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and many other marine and land species.

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What caused the Late Triassic extinction?

Scientists believe that the Late Triassic Extinction was caused by a combination of factors, including volcanic eruptions, climate change, and ocean acidification.

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