Geological Processes: Mapping Locations of Earthquakes and Volcanoes
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Questions and Answers

Why does the Ring of Fire account for 80% of Earth’s volcanic and earthquake activity?

  • It has a unique type of volcanic and earthquake activity
  • It is located at the meeting point of multiple tectonic plates (correct)
  • It experiences extreme weather conditions leading to frequent seismic activity
  • It has the highest concentration of active volcanoes
  • Why do some places have earthquakes and volcanoes while others, like CT, do not?

  • High levels of air pollution
  • The presence of active tectonic plate boundaries (correct)
  • Proximity to large bodies of water
  • High elevation above sea level
  • Why are earthquakes and volcanoes more likely to occur at plate boundaries?

  • As a result of air pressure changes
  • Due to the accumulation of heat beneath the Earth's surface
  • Because of the interaction between tectonic plates (correct)
  • Due to the rotation of the Earth
  • What is subduction in the context of plate tectonics?

    <p>The sinking of one tectonic plate beneath another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does subduction occur where oceanic and continental plates converge?

    <p>Because the oceanic plate is thinner and denser than the continental plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is associated with a transform plate boundary?

    <p>Fault lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence did Alfred Wegner use to support his theory of continental drift?

    <p>Fossil records and rock formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Earth’s crust is true?

    <p>Old lithosphere is destroyed and new lithosphere is formed at plate boundaries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the Earth does convection occur?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 types of rocks?

    <p>Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where would you expect to find fossil remains?

    <p>In sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the Earth’s lithosphere?

    <p>The solid crust and upper mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at a subduction zone?

    <p>Oceanic plates are destroyed beneath continental plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of igneous rocks?

    <p>Melting and solidification of magma or lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of tectonic plates according to the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

    <p>Convection currents in the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when existing rocks undergo extreme heat and pressure?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is associated with a divergent plate boundary?

    <p>Mid-ocean ridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does subduction occur where oceanic and continental plates converge?

    <p>The oceanic plate is denser and moves below the continental plate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs at a transform plate boundary?

    <p>Horizontal sliding past each other of two tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of igneous rocks?

    <p>Solidification of molten rock material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the movement of tectonic plates according to the Theory of Plate Tectonics?

    <p>Convection currents in the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are earthquakes and volcanoes more likely to occur at plate boundaries?

    <p>Friction and stress from the movement of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a true statement about the Earth's lithosphere?

    <p>The lithosphere moves around but is never destroyed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kinds of evidence did Alfred Wegner use to support his theory of continental drift?

    <p>Fossil records and ancient climate data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the Earth does convection occur?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the 3 types of rocks classified by?

    <p>How they are formed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological feature is associated with a transform plate boundary?

    <p>Fault lines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process leads to the formation of sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Weathering and erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rock type would you expect to find fossil remains in?

    <p>Sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does subduction occur where oceanic and continental plates converge?

    <p>The denser oceanic plate is forced beneath the lighter continental plate due to gravitational pull.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are earthquakes and volcanoes more likely to occur at plate boundaries?

    <p>The pressure from the movement of tectonic plates causes fracturing in the Earth's crust, leading to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Plate Tectonics

    • The Ring of Fire accounts for 80% of Earth's volcanic and earthquake activity due to the convergence of multiple plate boundaries.
    • Earthquakes and volcanoes occur at plate boundaries where there is a build-up of stress between plates.

    Subduction

    • Subduction occurs where oceanic and continental plates converge, with denser oceanic plates being pushed beneath the lighter continental plates.
    • Subduction zones are characterized by deep-sea trenches and volcanic arcs.

    Plate Boundaries

    • Divergent plate boundaries are associated with mid-ocean ridges and the formation of new oceanic crust.
    • Transform plate boundaries are associated with fault lines, such as the San Andreas Fault.
    • Convergent plate boundaries can be either continental-continental or oceanic-continental, resulting in mountain building or subduction.

    Rocks

    • The three types of rocks are igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
    • Igneous rocks are formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
    • Sedimentary rocks are formed through the compression and cementation of sediments.
    • Metamorphic rocks are formed through the alteration of existing rocks under high heat and pressure.

    Earth's Structure

    • The lithosphere is the outermost solid layer of the Earth, broken into several large plates that move relative to each other.
    • Convection occurs in the Earth's mantle, driving the movement of tectonic plates.

    Continental Drift

    • Alfred Wegener used fossil evidence, similarities in coastline shapes, and paleomagnetism to support his theory of continental drift.

    Earth's Crust

    • The Earth's crust is broken into several large plates that move relative to each other, resulting in geological activity at their boundaries.

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    Description

    Study guide for Unit 2 test on geological processes. Focuses on Activity 6: Mapping Locations of Earthquakes and Volcanoes. This review packet is to be completed by 1/16 to prepare for the test on 1/17.

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