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Questions and Answers
What characteristic defines a low-pressure area in meteorological terms?
What characteristic defines a low-pressure area in meteorological terms?
Which of the following can cause floods?
Which of the following can cause floods?
What is an important aspect of risk assessment for flood mitigation?
What is an important aspect of risk assessment for flood mitigation?
What natural event is associated with a rise in seawater levels along coasts?
What natural event is associated with a rise in seawater levels along coasts?
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Which is NOT a sign of potential flash flooding?
Which is NOT a sign of potential flash flooding?
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How can landscape and environment play a role in flood prevention?
How can landscape and environment play a role in flood prevention?
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Which factor is essential for planning structural works in flood-prone areas?
Which factor is essential for planning structural works in flood-prone areas?
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What do folds on a geological map represent?
What do folds on a geological map represent?
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What can thunderstorms and violent winds cause in relation to hydrometeorological hazards?
What can thunderstorms and violent winds cause in relation to hydrometeorological hazards?
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Which feature is indicated by thick lines on a geological map?
Which feature is indicated by thick lines on a geological map?
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What typically occurs before a volcanic eruption?
What typically occurs before a volcanic eruption?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of an earthquake?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of an earthquake?
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How do geologists currently attempt to predict earthquakes?
How do geologists currently attempt to predict earthquakes?
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What is suggested by a thin line separating two different colors on a geological map?
What is suggested by a thin line separating two different colors on a geological map?
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Which type of eruption typically generates detectable earthquakes?
Which type of eruption typically generates detectable earthquakes?
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Which geological hazard is characterized by the rapid movement of snow and ice down a mountainside?
Which geological hazard is characterized by the rapid movement of snow and ice down a mountainside?
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What may be a consequence of volcanic eruptions?
What may be a consequence of volcanic eruptions?
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What geological phenomenon involves the sudden movement of rock masses due to built-up stresses?
What geological phenomenon involves the sudden movement of rock masses due to built-up stresses?
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Which of the following best describes a mudslide?
Which of the following best describes a mudslide?
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What type of geological map depicts the types of rocks and their contacts in a specific area?
What type of geological map depicts the types of rocks and their contacts in a specific area?
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Which of the following geological processes is NOT classified as a mass movement hazard?
Which of the following geological processes is NOT classified as a mass movement hazard?
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Which of these is a warning sign that indicates a landslide may occur?
Which of these is a warning sign that indicates a landslide may occur?
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How do geological hazards impact human life and the environment?
How do geological hazards impact human life and the environment?
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What primarily triggers the process of liquefaction during an earthquake?
What primarily triggers the process of liquefaction during an earthquake?
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What does risk treatment primarily focus on?
What does risk treatment primarily focus on?
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Which component of Disaster Risk Reduction Management is concerned with overseeing implementation progress?
Which component of Disaster Risk Reduction Management is concerned with overseeing implementation progress?
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What is a key goal of Disaster Risk Management?
What is a key goal of Disaster Risk Management?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of disaster risk reduction taken before a disaster?
Which of the following is NOT a component of disaster risk reduction taken before a disaster?
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What type of actions can Disaster Risk Reduction actions include?
What type of actions can Disaster Risk Reduction actions include?
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What can be considered a negative impact of disasters?
What can be considered a negative impact of disasters?
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Which of the following best describes the concept of 'spreading risk' in disaster management?
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'spreading risk' in disaster management?
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What is a primary consequence of economic disruption due to disasters?
What is a primary consequence of economic disruption due to disasters?
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Which ingredient is NOT part of the fire tetrahedron?
Which ingredient is NOT part of the fire tetrahedron?
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What phenomenon is characterized by a short-term burst of tropical rainfall?
What phenomenon is characterized by a short-term burst of tropical rainfall?
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Which type of fire extinguisher is specifically used for Class B and C fires?
Which type of fire extinguisher is specifically used for Class B and C fires?
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What does the decay stage of a fire signify?
What does the decay stage of a fire signify?
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Which mechanism involves the flow of liquids and gases to transfer heat?
Which mechanism involves the flow of liquids and gases to transfer heat?
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Which of the following is a primary condition for a fire to occur?
Which of the following is a primary condition for a fire to occur?
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What type of fire extinguisher should be used for Class A fires?
What type of fire extinguisher should be used for Class A fires?
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What is the role of the uninhibited chemical chain reaction in a fire?
What is the role of the uninhibited chemical chain reaction in a fire?
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What type of clouds are primarily associated with thunderstorms?
What type of clouds are primarily associated with thunderstorms?
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Which natural hazard involves high winds and rising seawater?
Which natural hazard involves high winds and rising seawater?
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Which condition is NOT typically identified with El Niño?
Which condition is NOT typically identified with El Niño?
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What weather phenomenon can lead to mudslides and landslides?
What weather phenomenon can lead to mudslides and landslides?
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What is a primary consequence of El Niño on global weather patterns?
What is a primary consequence of El Niño on global weather patterns?
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Which of the following natural hazards is the Philippines particularly vulnerable to?
Which of the following natural hazards is the Philippines particularly vulnerable to?
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What effect does a community’s vulnerability to natural hazards typically have?
What effect does a community’s vulnerability to natural hazards typically have?
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Which of the following elements is least likely to be associated with thunderstorms?
Which of the following elements is least likely to be associated with thunderstorms?
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Study Notes
Geological Hazards
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Geological hazards are processes causing loss of life, injury, property damage, and economic disruption.
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Geological hazards include earthquakes, liquefaction (soil), tsunamis, and ground shaking.
Earthquakes
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Earthquakes are caused by stress in the Earth's interior from moving tectonic plates.
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Stress buildup eventually results in fractures, causing rock masses to shift.
Liquefaction
- Liquefaction is a process where soil loses its strength and stiffness due to vibrations, commonly during an earthquake.
Tsunamis
- Tsunamis are a series of large waves caused by the displacement of water in a body of water, often by an earthquake or volcanic eruption.
Ground Shaking
- Ground shaking is a consequence of the movement of the earth's ground caused by earthquakes.
Mass Movement
- Mass movement is the downslope movement of rock, debris, or earth; examples include landslides, mudslides, and avalanches.
Landslides
- Landslides are the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope.
Mudslide/Debris Flow
- Mud/debris flows are fast-moving landslide types that tend to flow in channels.
Avalanche
- Avalanches are masses of snow, ice, and rocks that fall rapidly down a mountainside.
Volcanic Eruptions
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Volcanic eruptions involve the expulsion of lava, ash, and gases from a volcanic vent.
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Lahars, volcanic mudflows, are a consequence.
Signs of Landslides
- Experts note warning signs for impending landslides.
Signs of Earthquakes
- There's no confirmed way to predict earthquakes.
Volcanic Signs
- Volcanoes often provide warnings before an eruption, including increased earthquake activity and ground deformation.
Geological Maps
- Geological maps represent rock types, contacts, folds, faults, and resources.
Color on Geological Maps
- Colors represent different rock formations.
Lines and Symbols on Geological Maps
- Lines and symbols show tectonic structures, contact points, and other features.
Mitigation Strategies
- Prevention strategies should consider land use, building codes, infrastructure, and environment.
Hydro-meteorological Hazards
- Extreme weather and climate events are hydro-meteorological hazards, including floods, droughts, hurricanes, tornadoes, landslides, and mudslides.
Typhoon
- Typhoons, common in the Philippines, are low-pressure areas over warm water in the western Pacific, resulting in storm surges and heavy rain.
Flood/Flash Floods
- Floods are inundation of normally dry land areas, and are often caused by storms, heavy rains, or tsunamis.
Storm Surge
- Storm surge is a rise in sea level due to cyclonic wind and atmospheric pressure.
Lightning/Thunderstorms
- Thunderstorms are characterized by cloud formations, darkening skies, lightning, and wind.
El Niño
- El Niño is a climate pattern with unusually warm water in the Pacific, impacting weather globally.
El Niño Signs
- Hotter-than-normal temperatures, high pressure, and gradual drying of land.
Fire
- Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material resulting in heat, light, and products.
The Fire Triangle
- A fire needs oxygen, fuel, and heat to occur.
Fire Tetrahedron
- A fire requires fuel, oxidant, heat, and a chemical chain reaction to occur.
Fire Stages
- Fire goes through stages: incipient, growth, fully-developed, and decay.
Fire Extinguishers
- Different extinguishers are used for different fire types (A, B, C, D, K) and contain different agents.
Disaster Preparedness Steps
- Risk identification, risk analysis, risk prioritization, risk treatment, monitoring, and evaluating disaster risk management.
Disaster Risk Reduction
- Disaster risk reduction actions prevent disaster impacts by reducing vulnerabilities and increasing capacity to cope, and by mitigating disaster risks, minimizing losses.
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Description
Test your knowledge on geological hazards including earthquakes, tsunamis, liquefaction, and ground shaking. This quiz covers the processes that lead to these natural events and their impacts on the environment and human life. Discover the mechanics behind mass movements such as landslides and avalanches.
