Geologic Time Scale
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Questions and Answers

How do we figure out the order of events in Earth's past?

  • By analyzing meteorite impacts
  • By using satellite imagery
  • By studying rocks and the fossils within them (correct)
  • By digging for dinosaur bones
  • What is the main difference between Igneous and Sedimentary rocks?

  • Igneous rocks are formed from wind erosion, while Sedimentary rocks are formed from glaciers
  • Igneous rocks are formed from molten lava, while Sedimentary rocks are formed from water
  • Igneous rocks are formed from melted rocks, while Sedimentary rocks are formed from broken or dissolved bits of other rocks (correct)
  • Igneous rocks are formed from compressed sediments, while Sedimentary rocks are formed from melted rocks
  • What type of rocks are formed from broken or dissolved bits of other rocks?

  • Glacial rocks
  • Igneous rocks
  • Metamorphic rocks
  • Sedimentary rocks (correct)
  • What is the primary mechanism for transporting sediments?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of Sedimentary rock would we most likely find dinosaurs?

    <p>Clastic Sedimentary rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to grain size as sediment is moved away from the source?

    <p>The grains become smaller</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the breakdown of rocks into sediment?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of sediment from a higher to a lower elevation?

    <p>Erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sediments in basins?

    <p>They are slowly buried and turn to rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of sedimentary rocks contain clues about ancient environments?

    <p>Clastic sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are sedimentary rocks in Drumheller important for studying the environment during the Time of the Dinosaurs?

    <p>They contain sedimentary structures that provide clues about ancient environments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to animals if they are buried by sediments?

    <p>They become fossilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can we infer from studying clastic sedimentary rocks around fossils?

    <p>The environment that the dinosaurs lived in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for sediments to become sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Compaction and cementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'lithification' refer to?

    <p>The process of sediment becoming rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Geologic Time Scale

    • Built by studying rocks and fossils within them to understand Earth's history
    • Rocks provide clues about Earth's past, and understanding how to read them allows us to figure out the order of events

    Rock Types

    • 3 main types of rocks: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic
    • Igneous: solidify from melted rocks
    • Sedimentary: formed from broken or dissolved bits of other rocks stuck together
    • Metamorphic: formed from heated and squeezed rocks

    Sedimentary Rocks

    • Classified into two types: Clastic and Chemical
    • Clastic Sedimentary Rocks (e.g. sandstone, siltstone, shale): formed from sediments deposited on land, beaches, or in rivers, and then glued together
    • Chemical Sedimentary Rocks (e.g. limestone, salt): formed from sediments that crystallize out of water, often in lakes or seas due to evaporation
    • Dinosaurs are most likely to be found in Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

    Sedimentary Depositional Environments

    • Exposed rocks are subjected to weathering (broken down into sediment) due to wind, rain, heat, and cold
    • Sediments are transported downhill (erosion) and deposited in low-lying areas called basins
    • Sediments can be deposited by water, wind, or ice
    • Depositional environments include: on the edges of glaciers, in rivers, on beaches, and on the sea floor

    Grain Size and Sediment Transport

    • As sediment is moved away from the source, the grain size becomes smaller
    • As rivers slow down and deposit sediment, the grain size becomes finer and finer

    Sedimentary Rocks

    • Sediments in basins are slowly buried and turn into rock through lithification, caused by compaction and cementation.
    • Sedimentary structures preserved in clastic sedimentary rocks provide clues about ancient environments.

    Fossilization and Environmental Inference

    • Burying of animals along with sediments allows for fossilization.
    • Clastic sedimentary rocks around fossils provide information to infer the environment that dinosaurs lived in during their time.

    Studying Drumheller Rocks

    • Rocks in Drumheller contain clues about the environment during the time of the dinosaurs.
    • Analysis of these rocks reveals information about the ancient environment.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of the Geologic Time Scale, including how rocks provide clues about Earth's history and how to read them to figure out the order of events in Earth's past.

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