Geography Week 1 Lectures Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one major consequence of globalization on languages?

  • It leads to the creation of new languages.
  • It increases the number of endangered languages.
  • It has no impact on language diversity.
  • It results in the loss of approximately 25 languages annually. (correct)

Which type of agriculture relies solely on rainfall for crop production?

  • Subsistence agriculture
  • Dry agriculture (correct)
  • Intensive agriculture
  • Irrigation agriculture

What does the term 'sovereignty' refer to in a governmental context?

  • The shared governance among multiple states
  • The ultimate power within a defined territorial space (correct)
  • The ability to negotiate international treaties
  • Supremacy of external powers over a territory

Which crops are traditionally associated with the Fertile Crescent?

<p>Wheat, millet, and flax (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that influences geopolitics among states?

<p>Geographical location (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a primary factor underlying regional conflicts?

<p>Real estate, resources, religion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is development assessed in a country?

<p>Based on economic, social, and institutional growth indicators (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor has accelerated globalization in recent years?

<p>Advancements in technology and transportation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenge do many developed countries face regarding immigration?

<p>Concerns over cultural stability and illegal immigration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might developed countries actually need immigrants in their populations?

<p>To stabilize their aging populations and low birth rates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for a realm?

<p>Political (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of realm has a single major political power?

<p>Monocentric (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which geographic projection is most commonly used today?

<p>Winkel Tripel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that prevents human habitation in many areas of the world?

<p>Climate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between 'Urbanization' and 'Urban Growth Rate'?

<p>Urbanization is the proportion of people living in cities, while Urban Growth Rate is the increase in urban population over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a megacity in the U.S.?

<p>San Francisco (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor driving the significant increase in the number of predicted megacities?

<p>Population growth in developing countries, particularly in Asia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is language considered the 'very essence of culture'?

<p>Because it enables communication and transmission of cultural values. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Endangered languages

Languages at risk of falling out of use, often due to globalization.

Fertile Crescent

Region where agriculture first developed, known for diverse crops.

Dry agriculture

Farming relying on rainfall, practiced in regions with higher precipitation.

Sovereignty

The absolute authority of a state over its territory and people.

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Geopolitics

Politics influenced by geographical factors among states or regions.

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Types of Geography

Physical, human/cultural, and geographic techniques that define geography.

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Mercator Projection

Map projection designed for sailors, distorts land masses near poles.

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Winkel Tripel Projection

Most commonly used map projection today with fewer distortions.

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Monocentric Realm

Realm with a single major political power, like the U.S. or China.

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Polycentric Realm

Realm with multiple influential regions or countries, such as Europe.

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Urbanization

Proportion of the population living in cities and towns, currently 55%.

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Megacity

Very large urban area with a population over 10 million.

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Cultural Realms

Regions defined by languages and cultural characteristics.

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Globalization

The process where local actions influence global dynamics in economics, culture, and politics.

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Development

A measure of a country's economic and social progress, including health and education metrics.

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Demographic challenges

Issues faced by countries due to low birth rates and aging populations.

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Migration pull factors

Conditions that attract migrants to more developed countries, such as jobs and resources.

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Anti-immigration populism

Political stance that opposes immigration, often led by populist politicians to gain support.

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Study Notes

Week 1, Lecture 2: World Regions

  • Geography has three types: physical (location, climate), human/cultural (people and reasons for residing there), and geographic techniques (map-making methods)
  • All flat maps are inaccurate representations
  • Common map projections include Mercator (for navigation, distorts at poles) and Winkel Tripel (most common today, fewer distortions)
  • Map scales exist as large (small area, detailed) and small (large area, less detail)
  • Realms are defined by physical and human features, functional interactions (villages, cities), and historical contexts
  • Realms can be monocentric (single powerful nation) or polycentric (multiple influential regions)
  • Regions are smaller parts of realms, defined by climate, population clusters, and other factors.

Week 1, Lecture 3: Realms

  • Realms use physical and cultural characteristics for definition
  • Functional realms emphasize social interactions and human environmental impacts
  • Historical realms consider interactions over time to define regions
  • Realms are dynamic and in constant change as interactions and cultures evolve

Week 1, Lecture 4: Other Factors

  • Climate is significantly changing, affecting regions
  • Population clusters are concentrated in particular areas
  • Urbanization rates are high (roughly 55% of the global population lives in urban areas)
  • Megacities are massive urban centers with populations above 10 million (examples include Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and many in Asia)
  • Cultural realms are defined by languages, showing widespread cultural exchange but also protective cultural identity (such as in the English-only movement)
  • Language diversity and endangerment are noteworthy
  • Globalization often blurs cultural lines but with religious factors still dominating many regions

Week 2, Lecture 1: Sub-Saharan Africa

  • Population density correlates to water availability
  • Fertile Crescent is a significant agricultural development area
  • Agriculture fostered settled lifestyle for humans
  • Key crop types include figs, olives, grapes, almonds, pistachios, millet, flax, barley, wheat, and sesame
  • Dry agriculture relies on rainfall, and irrigation agriculture facilitates water-dependent crops

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Week 1 & 2 World Regions Geography Notes PDF

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