Geography: Origins, Oceans and Atmosphere

Geography Origins

• The word 'Geography' comes from "Geo + Graphos."

Father of Geography

• Eratosthenes is known as the 'Father of Geography'.

Rift Valleys

• The Narmada River flows in a rift valley.

Estuaries

• The Narmada River forms an estuary.

Threatened Species

• Threatened species face danger of extinction.

India's Standard Meridian

• 82° 30′ E is India's standard meridian.

Deepest Ocean

• The Pacific Ocean is the world's deepest ocean.

Ocean Surface Temperature

• The average temperature of the ocean's surface water is 27°C.

UV Ray Absorption

• Ozone gas absorbs ultraviolet rays.

Atmospheric Oxygen

• Oxygen accounts for approximately 20.95% of the atmosphere's composition.

Ferrous Metals

• Ferrous metals contain iron.

Age of the Earth

• The Earth is estimated to be around 13.7 billion years old.

Epicenter

• The point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake is termed as the Epicentre.

Mantle

• The layer just below the Earth's crust is the Mantle.

Igneous Rocks

• Rocks solidified from magma and lava are called igneous rocks.

Hardest Mineral

• Diamond is one of the hardest minerals.

River Development

• Downward cutting dominates the youth stage of landform development.

Desert Landforms

• Sand dunes are the most important landforms in desert areas.

River Landforms

• Rivers create 'V'-shaped valleys.

Life Sustaining Layer

• The Troposphere, the atmospheric layer closest to the planet's surface, is vital for human life.

Major Atmospheric Gas

• Nitrogen constitutes most of the atmosphere.

Sun's Position on June 21st

• On June 21st, the sun is directly overhead at noon at the Tropic of Cancer.

ITCZ Location

• Typically, the inter-tropical convergence zone occurs near the Equator.

Liquid to Vapour Process

• Evaporation transforms a liquid into vapour.

Salinity Measurement

• Salinity is measured by the amount of salt in grams dissolved in seawater per 10,000 gm.

Ocean Water Movements

• Upward and downward ocean water movements are known as Tides.

Flood-Prone State

• West Bengal frequently experiences floods.

Productive Soil

• Alluvial soil stands out as the most widespread and productive soil.

Project Tiger Purpose

• Project Tiger was initiated to protect tigers from illegal hunting.

Monsoon Meaning

• The literal meaning of the word 'monsoon' is, 'all of these'.

Hot Winds in Northern Plains

• The winds blowing in the northern plains in summer is known as, 'Loo'.

Rainfall in West Bengal

• Rainfall in West Bengal during the hot weather season is due to South West Monsoon.

Morning Star

• The planet Venus is called the 'Morning star'.

Doddabetta Peak

• The Doddabetta peak is situated on the Nilgiri mountain ranges.

Regur Soil

• Black soil is also known as 'Regur' soil.

India Distance

• Distance from North to South in India is 3214 km.

India's Southernmost Point

• The Southernmost point of India is Indira point.

Seismic Waves

• S-waves, unlike P-waves, cannot pass through liquid materials.

Kaal Baishaki Location

• Kaal Baishaki is associated with West Bengal.

Tropic of Cancer in India

• The Tropic of Cancer passes through 7 states in India.