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Questions and Answers
Which term best describes the agricultural practices that focus on growing food in urban areas?
Which term best describes the agricultural practices that focus on growing food in urban areas?
- Urban Agriculture (correct)
- Rural Farming
- Sustainable Development
- Industrial Agriculture
Cuba's Green Medicine initiative primarily focuses on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Cuba's Green Medicine initiative primarily focuses on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
False (B)
Cuba's Green Medicine emphasizes the use of _____ techniques to grow medicine and food.
Cuba's Green Medicine emphasizes the use of _____ techniques to grow medicine and food.
organic
What is one key benefit of urban agriculture?
What is one key benefit of urban agriculture?
Match the following practices or initiatives with their descriptions:
Match the following practices or initiatives with their descriptions:
What marked the beginning of profound changes in Latin America in 1492?
What marked the beginning of profound changes in Latin America in 1492?
Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica are known for having diverse ethnic groups.
Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica are known for having diverse ethnic groups.
What is a significant characteristic of cultural practices related to agriculture?
What is a significant characteristic of cultural practices related to agriculture?
Which altitudinal zonation is referred to as 'hot country'?
Which altitudinal zonation is referred to as 'hot country'?
Name one agricultural product introduced to Latin America by Europeans.
Name one agricultural product introduced to Latin America by Europeans.
Urban agriculture can help reduce carbon footprints by decreasing the distance food travels.
Urban agriculture can help reduce carbon footprints by decreasing the distance food travels.
Air temperature increases with elevation at a normal rate of approximately 3.6°F per 1,000 feet.
Air temperature increases with elevation at a normal rate of approximately 3.6°F per 1,000 feet.
Latin America relies heavily on the ______ sector for its economy.
Latin America relies heavily on the ______ sector for its economy.
The study of how human activity interacts with the Earth's physical features is known as _____ geography.
The study of how human activity interacts with the Earth's physical features is known as _____ geography.
Match the following ethnic groups of Latin America with their descriptions:
Match the following ethnic groups of Latin America with their descriptions:
What geological phenomena are primarily associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire?
What geological phenomena are primarily associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire?
The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of _____ and occurred in 1960 off the coast of southern Chile.
The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of _____ and occurred in 1960 off the coast of southern Chile.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Columbus's arrival in Latin America?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Columbus's arrival in Latin America?
China is currently investing in Latin America as part of its economic strategy.
China is currently investing in Latin America as part of its economic strategy.
What climatic pattern is responsible for global climate disruptions including unusual precipitation levels?
What climatic pattern is responsible for global climate disruptions including unusual precipitation levels?
Match the indigenous accomplishments with their respective region:
Match the indigenous accomplishments with their respective region:
Identify one challenge faced by Latin American economies in diversifying their industries.
Identify one challenge faced by Latin American economies in diversifying their industries.
How many Native Americans are estimated to have inhabited the region before Columbus arrived in 1492?
How many Native Americans are estimated to have inhabited the region before Columbus arrived in 1492?
The term 'Latins' was used to describe the region's inhabitants before the end of the 15th century.
The term 'Latins' was used to describe the region's inhabitants before the end of the 15th century.
Which subregions make up Latin America?
Which subregions make up Latin America?
What percentage of the Latin American population is urban?
What percentage of the Latin American population is urban?
How many countries are included in Latin America?
How many countries are included in Latin America?
Which of the following climates is NOT found in Latin America?
Which of the following climates is NOT found in Latin America?
What primarily characterizes the distribution of the population in Latin America?
What primarily characterizes the distribution of the population in Latin America?
Which of these biomes is commonly found in Latin America?
Which of these biomes is commonly found in Latin America?
What geographical feature contributes to the diverse climates in Latin America?
What geographical feature contributes to the diverse climates in Latin America?
Which of the following statements about the extent of Latin America is true?
Which of the following statements about the extent of Latin America is true?
What type of economies primarily characterize Latin America?
What type of economies primarily characterize Latin America?
Which of the following products was introduced to Latin America by Europeans?
Which of the following products was introduced to Latin America by Europeans?
Which countries in Latin America have significant white European ethnic groups?
Which countries in Latin America have significant white European ethnic groups?
What trend has marked the economic landscape of Latin America in recent years?
What trend has marked the economic landscape of Latin America in recent years?
What is a significant challenge faced by Latin American economies?
What is a significant challenge faced by Latin American economies?
What was one major change in Latin America after Columbus's arrival?
What was one major change in Latin America after Columbus's arrival?
What term describes people of mixed heritage in Latin America?
What term describes people of mixed heritage in Latin America?
What has been a significant economic reliance for many Latin American countries?
What has been a significant economic reliance for many Latin American countries?
What is prohibited regarding the materials from Joseph Hobbs' World Regional Geography?
What is prohibited regarding the materials from Joseph Hobbs' World Regional Geography?
What key point summarizes the copyright information for World Regional Geography?
What key point summarizes the copyright information for World Regional Geography?
What is a general consequence of the restrictions on the use of Joseph Hobbs' materials?
What is a general consequence of the restrictions on the use of Joseph Hobbs' materials?
Which of the following statements best reflects the ownership rights related to the materials?
Which of the following statements best reflects the ownership rights related to the materials?
What type of content is specifically mentioned as not allowed to be posted?
What type of content is specifically mentioned as not allowed to be posted?
Why is the copyright notice included in Joseph Hobbs’ work important?
Why is the copyright notice included in Joseph Hobbs’ work important?
Which situation would violate the copyright of World Regional Geography?
Which situation would violate the copyright of World Regional Geography?
What is the overall implication of the copyright restrictions found in Joseph Hobbs' work?
What is the overall implication of the copyright restrictions found in Joseph Hobbs' work?
What is the relationship between tourism revenues and distance to wealthy countries?
What is the relationship between tourism revenues and distance to wealthy countries?
Which country receives the highest tourism receipts due to its proximity to wealthy nations?
Which country receives the highest tourism receipts due to its proximity to wealthy nations?
What was a significant characteristic of Cuba's economy during its revolutionary period?
What was a significant characteristic of Cuba's economy during its revolutionary period?
Prior to the 1990s, what percentage of Cuba's trade was with socialist countries in Europe?
Prior to the 1990s, what percentage of Cuba's trade was with socialist countries in Europe?
What is a major economic asset for regions with wealthy countries, second only to oil exports?
What is a major economic asset for regions with wealthy countries, second only to oil exports?
What were the implications of relying on unsustainable intensive factory systems in Cuba?
What were the implications of relying on unsustainable intensive factory systems in Cuba?
Which factor most influences the flow of tourism revenues to different countries?
Which factor most influences the flow of tourism revenues to different countries?
What was the economic focus of Cuba's trading practices prior to the 1990s?
What was the economic focus of Cuba's trading practices prior to the 1990s?
What defines minifundia in agricultural practices?
What defines minifundia in agricultural practices?
What is a primary economic issue associated with 'banana republics'?
What is a primary economic issue associated with 'banana republics'?
Which of the following countries is NOT part of Mercosur?
Which of the following countries is NOT part of Mercosur?
What percentage of Honduras' GDP is contributed by remittances from immigrant workers?
What percentage of Honduras' GDP is contributed by remittances from immigrant workers?
The United Fruit Company is primarily associated with which agricultural export?
The United Fruit Company is primarily associated with which agricultural export?
What is the main focus of free trade agreements such as NAFTA?
What is the main focus of free trade agreements such as NAFTA?
How do remittances impact families in immigrant workers' home countries?
How do remittances impact families in immigrant workers' home countries?
Which of the following statements is true regarding latifundia?
Which of the following statements is true regarding latifundia?
What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine established in 1823?
What was the primary purpose of the Monroe Doctrine established in 1823?
What significant event in 1962 severely affected US relations with Cuba?
What significant event in 1962 severely affected US relations with Cuba?
What was the outcome of the US transfer of sovereignty over the Panama Canal in 1999?
What was the outcome of the US transfer of sovereignty over the Panama Canal in 1999?
What role did the FARC play in Colombia's political landscape?
What role did the FARC play in Colombia's political landscape?
Which US-backed operation aimed to regain control from the FARC in Colombia?
Which US-backed operation aimed to regain control from the FARC in Colombia?
What was a significant feature of the Panama Canal's construction completed in 1914?
What was a significant feature of the Panama Canal's construction completed in 1914?
Which doctrine asserted the US's right to intervene in Latin America under the pretense of maintaining stability?
Which doctrine asserted the US's right to intervene in Latin America under the pretense of maintaining stability?
How did US-imposed sanctions affect Cuba during the Cold War?
How did US-imposed sanctions affect Cuba during the Cold War?
Flashcards
Altitudinal Zonation
Altitudinal Zonation
Different climates and ecosystems found at different elevations in a mountainous region.
Tierra Caliente
Tierra Caliente
Hottest climate zone in altitudinal zonation.
Tierra Templada
Tierra Templada
Cool climate zone in altitudinal zonation.
Tierra Fría
Tierra Fría
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Tierra Helada
Tierra Helada
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Pacific Ring of Fire
Pacific Ring of Fire
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El Niño
El Niño
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Indigenous Cultures
Indigenous Cultures
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Urban Agriculture
Urban Agriculture
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The Revolution
The Revolution
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What’s happening now?
What’s happening now?
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Food production in cities
Food production in cities
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Current Trends
Current Trends
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Urban food systems
Urban food systems
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Shift in practices
Shift in practices
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Current state
Current state
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Columbus's arrival impact
Columbus's arrival impact
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Latin American ethnicity
Latin American ethnicity
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Primarily Economy
Primarily Economy
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Latin America LDCs
Latin America LDCs
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Mestizos
Mestizos
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Obstacles to Diversification
Obstacles to Diversification
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Free Trade role
Free Trade role
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Chinese investment
Chinese investment
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Latin America's Extent
Latin America's Extent
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Latin America's Subregions
Latin America's Subregions
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Latin America's Population Distribution
Latin America's Population Distribution
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Latin America's Climate Diversity
Latin America's Climate Diversity
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Latin America's Ethnic Mix
Latin America's Ethnic Mix
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Latin American Economies' Focus
Latin American Economies' Focus
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Challenges for Diversification
Challenges for Diversification
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Columbus's Arrival
Columbus's Arrival
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What are Mestizos?
What are Mestizos?
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Latin American Economy
Latin American Economy
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Why is Latin America LDC?
Why is Latin America LDC?
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Chinese Investment Impact
Chinese Investment Impact
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Current Trends in Urban Agriculture
Current Trends in Urban Agriculture
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Current State of Urban Farm Development
Current State of Urban Farm Development
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Urban Agriculture's Future
Urban Agriculture's Future
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Minifundia
Minifundia
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Latifundia
Latifundia
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Banana Republics
Banana Republics
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Neo-liberalism
Neo-liberalism
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Mercosur
Mercosur
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Remittances
Remittances
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Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
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Fair Trade Movements
Fair Trade Movements
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Tourism's Distance Decay
Tourism's Distance Decay
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Cuba's 'Special Period'
Cuba's 'Special Period'
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Cuba's Monocultures
Cuba's Monocultures
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Why Cuba?
Why Cuba?
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Cuba's Trade Dependence
Cuba's Trade Dependence
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Tourism's Economic Impact
Tourism's Economic Impact
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Tourism Revenue Trends
Tourism Revenue Trends
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Mexico's Tourism Advantage
Mexico's Tourism Advantage
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Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine
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Roosevelt Corollary
Roosevelt Corollary
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US interventions in Latin America
US interventions in Latin America
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Cuban Missile Crisis
Cuban Missile Crisis
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Panama Canal
Panama Canal
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Plan Patriot
Plan Patriot
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FARC
FARC
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Latin American 'ideology of fury'
Latin American 'ideology of fury'
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Latin America
- Latin America comprises 38 countries.
- It spans more than 85° of latitude and 82° of longitude.
- Subregions include Middle America and South America.
- The population is approximately 618 million.
- The region is 78% urban.
- Population is mainly distributed across "rimland" and "highland" areas.
10.1 Area and Population
- A map displaying population density is shown.
- Specific countries and cities (e.g., Mexico City) are mentioned in context.
10.2 Physical Geography and Human Adaptations
- Elevation creates predictable ranges of environmental conditions and livelihood opportunities.
- Altitude determines zones like Tierra Caliente (hot country), Tierra Templada (cool country), Tierra Fria (cold country), and Tierra Helada (frost country).
- Each zone correlates with specific agricultural products, livestock, and other economic activities.
10.2a Climates and Biomes
- Latin America exhibits extraordinary climatic and biotic diversity.
- Climatological diversity exists even within individual countries..
- Various biomes are present, including tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, humid subtropical zones, prairies, Mediterranean climates, deserts and steppes.
10.2b Elevation and Land Use
- Altitudinal zonation is a significant factor affecting land use.
- Land use varies across different altitudes according to suitability for various agricultural practices, such as cultivation of highland grains or low-lying tropical crops.
10.2c Natural Hazards in Latin America
- The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- Earthquakes of significant magnitude, such as the 9.5 magnitude quake off southern Chile in 1960, are mentioned.
- Seasonal hurricane regions, and El Niño's impact on climate are highlighted.
10.3 Cultural and Historical Geographies
- Before the 15th century, there were no "Latins" in the area.
- Native American populations numbered an estimated 50-100 million when Columbus arrived in 1492.
- Early cultural hearths developed in the Andes region of South America and in Southern Mexico and adjacent Central America.
- The Aztecs and Mayans, are among the civilizations of the ancient Americas.
- European conquest substantially impacted indigenous populations.
10.3c The European Conquest (1492)
- Christopher Columbus's arrival profoundly altered life in the region.
- Death, trade patterns shifts, introduction of European livestock/crops/plants (e.g. horses, cattle, sheep, donkeys, wheat, sugarcane, coffee, bananas, gold and silver), and Catholicism are noted impacts.
10.3d Ethnicity in Latin America
- Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica have significant white European ethnic groups.
- Mixed heritage groups include Mestizos and Mulatto/Creoles.
- Native American cultures continue and some governments try to protect them.
10.4 Economic Geography
- Ethnicity correlates to wealth, political power and livelihoods.
- Economies face obstacles transitioning from primary commodity dependence to manufacturing and services.
- Free trade and fair trade play a role.
10.4a Agriculture, Mining, and Energy: The Primary Sector
- Farms are categorized by size (e.g., minifundia and latifundia) and the system of production.
- Dependence on coffee and bananas is highlighted, along with the presence of the United Fruit Company (an American-owned business).
- Mineral production has funded key infrastructure.
- The early 1980s debt crisis and neo-liberalism/restructuring are mentioned too.
10.4c Free-Trade Associations and Common Markets
- Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market), NAFTA, FTAA, OAS, intellectual property rights, and fair trade are discussed as relevant organizations and concepts.
10.4d Remittances: Sending Money Home
- Immigrant workers send remittances home, significantly impacting the economies of some countries.
- Remittances often make up a significant portion of a country's GDP.
- Grandparents caring for working parents' children are mentioned.
10.4e Tourism and Other Services
- Tourism is a key economic factor in the region.
- Oil exports are often more valuable than tourism revenue, but they are highlighted as vital for the region's economy.
Case Study: Cuba
- Cuba's unique history encompasses periods such as its "Special Period,” which are connected to the collapse of the Soviet Union and its effects on Cuba's economic systems.
10.5 Geopolitical Issues
- US interests have significantly shaped Latin America's political and economic systems.
- A Latin American "ideology of fury" is mentioned, signifying resistance to, or pushing against, American influence.
- Historical events like the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, Cuban Missile Crisis, and US-imposed sanctions are referenced.
10.5b The Panama Canal
- The Panama Canal is a significant waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- US involvement in its construction is important to understanding economic and political history.
10.5d The Washington Consensus
- Political-economic philosophy aimed at boosting neo-liberalism and bringing prosperity to Latin America.
- Widespread disillusionment with neo-liberal policies followed 9/11.
- The response to this was a push towards trade and free enterprise.
10.6 Regional Issues and Landscapes
- The development of the Amazon Basin, and associated controversies, are examined.
10.6a Middle America: Mexico's Stature
- Mexico's influence in Middle America is emphasized.
- Mexico City’s large population is mentioned, along with its role in the Mexican economy.
10.6b South America: Venezuela's Petroleum Politics
- Venezuela's important oil resources and how they shape its economy and politics are described.
10.6c Brazil: The Stirring Giant
- Brazil's great size and significance as a power in South America is noted.
The Amazon, Its Waters, Forests, Peoples, and Future
- Characteristics of the Amazon Basin and its importance as a global resource, including the significance of its river, forests, indigenous peoples, and its role in mitigating global warming are noted.
- The controversial building of transportation links are noted in context.
1000s of other topics are implied and should be explored from within these notes.
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Description
Explore the diverse geography and demographics of Latin America in this chapter. Learn about the region's countries, urban population distribution, and the impact of elevation on environmental conditions and economic activities. Test your knowledge of climatic zones and biomes in this vibrant area of the world.