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Questions and Answers
Which term best describes the agricultural practices that focus on growing food in urban areas?
Which term best describes the agricultural practices that focus on growing food in urban areas?
Cuba's Green Medicine initiative primarily focuses on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
Cuba's Green Medicine initiative primarily focuses on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.
False
What is one key benefit of urban agriculture?
What is one key benefit of urban agriculture?
Increases access to fresh food in urban areas
Cuba's Green Medicine emphasizes the use of _____ techniques to grow medicine and food.
Cuba's Green Medicine emphasizes the use of _____ techniques to grow medicine and food.
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What marked the beginning of profound changes in Latin America in 1492?
What marked the beginning of profound changes in Latin America in 1492?
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Match the following practices or initiatives with their descriptions:
Match the following practices or initiatives with their descriptions:
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Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica are known for having diverse ethnic groups.
Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica are known for having diverse ethnic groups.
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What is a significant characteristic of cultural practices related to agriculture?
What is a significant characteristic of cultural practices related to agriculture?
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Which altitudinal zonation is referred to as 'hot country'?
Which altitudinal zonation is referred to as 'hot country'?
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Name one agricultural product introduced to Latin America by Europeans.
Name one agricultural product introduced to Latin America by Europeans.
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Urban agriculture can help reduce carbon footprints by decreasing the distance food travels.
Urban agriculture can help reduce carbon footprints by decreasing the distance food travels.
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Air temperature increases with elevation at a normal rate of approximately 3.6°F per 1,000 feet.
Air temperature increases with elevation at a normal rate of approximately 3.6°F per 1,000 feet.
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Latin America relies heavily on the ______ sector for its economy.
Latin America relies heavily on the ______ sector for its economy.
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The study of how human activity interacts with the Earth's physical features is known as _____ geography.
The study of how human activity interacts with the Earth's physical features is known as _____ geography.
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Match the following ethnic groups of Latin America with their descriptions:
Match the following ethnic groups of Latin America with their descriptions:
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What geological phenomena are primarily associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire?
What geological phenomena are primarily associated with the Pacific Ring of Fire?
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Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Columbus's arrival in Latin America?
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Columbus's arrival in Latin America?
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The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of _____ and occurred in 1960 off the coast of southern Chile.
The largest earthquake ever recorded had a magnitude of _____ and occurred in 1960 off the coast of southern Chile.
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China is currently investing in Latin America as part of its economic strategy.
China is currently investing in Latin America as part of its economic strategy.
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What climatic pattern is responsible for global climate disruptions including unusual precipitation levels?
What climatic pattern is responsible for global climate disruptions including unusual precipitation levels?
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Identify one challenge faced by Latin American economies in diversifying their industries.
Identify one challenge faced by Latin American economies in diversifying their industries.
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Match the indigenous accomplishments with their respective region:
Match the indigenous accomplishments with their respective region:
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How many Native Americans are estimated to have inhabited the region before Columbus arrived in 1492?
How many Native Americans are estimated to have inhabited the region before Columbus arrived in 1492?
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The term 'Latins' was used to describe the region's inhabitants before the end of the 15th century.
The term 'Latins' was used to describe the region's inhabitants before the end of the 15th century.
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Latin America
- Latin America comprises 38 countries.
- It spans more than 85° of latitude and 82° of longitude.
- Subregions include Middle America and South America.
- The population is approximately 618 million.
- The region is 78% urban.
- Population is mainly distributed across "rimland" and "highland" areas.
10.1 Area and Population
- A map displaying population density is shown.
- Specific countries and cities (e.g., Mexico City) are mentioned in context.
10.2 Physical Geography and Human Adaptations
- Elevation creates predictable ranges of environmental conditions and livelihood opportunities.
- Altitude determines zones like Tierra Caliente (hot country), Tierra Templada (cool country), Tierra Fria (cold country), and Tierra Helada (frost country).
- Each zone correlates with specific agricultural products, livestock, and other economic activities.
10.2a Climates and Biomes
- Latin America exhibits extraordinary climatic and biotic diversity.
- Climatological diversity exists even within individual countries..
- Various biomes are present, including tropical rainforests, tropical savannas, humid subtropical zones, prairies, Mediterranean climates, deserts and steppes.
10.2b Elevation and Land Use
- Altitudinal zonation is a significant factor affecting land use.
- Land use varies across different altitudes according to suitability for various agricultural practices, such as cultivation of highland grains or low-lying tropical crops.
10.2c Natural Hazards in Latin America
- The Pacific Ring of Fire is a region prone to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
- Earthquakes of significant magnitude, such as the 9.5 magnitude quake off southern Chile in 1960, are mentioned.
- Seasonal hurricane regions, and El Niño's impact on climate are highlighted.
10.3 Cultural and Historical Geographies
- Before the 15th century, there were no "Latins" in the area.
- Native American populations numbered an estimated 50-100 million when Columbus arrived in 1492.
- Early cultural hearths developed in the Andes region of South America and in Southern Mexico and adjacent Central America.
- The Aztecs and Mayans, are among the civilizations of the ancient Americas.
- European conquest substantially impacted indigenous populations.
10.3c The European Conquest (1492)
- Christopher Columbus's arrival profoundly altered life in the region.
- Death, trade patterns shifts, introduction of European livestock/crops/plants (e.g. horses, cattle, sheep, donkeys, wheat, sugarcane, coffee, bananas, gold and silver), and Catholicism are noted impacts.
10.3d Ethnicity in Latin America
- Argentina, Uruguay, and Costa Rica have significant white European ethnic groups.
- Mixed heritage groups include Mestizos and Mulatto/Creoles.
- Native American cultures continue and some governments try to protect them.
10.4 Economic Geography
- Ethnicity correlates to wealth, political power and livelihoods.
- Economies face obstacles transitioning from primary commodity dependence to manufacturing and services.
- Free trade and fair trade play a role.
10.4a Agriculture, Mining, and Energy: The Primary Sector
- Farms are categorized by size (e.g., minifundia and latifundia) and the system of production.
- Dependence on coffee and bananas is highlighted, along with the presence of the United Fruit Company (an American-owned business).
- Mineral production has funded key infrastructure.
- The early 1980s debt crisis and neo-liberalism/restructuring are mentioned too.
10.4c Free-Trade Associations and Common Markets
- Mercosur (Southern Cone Common Market), NAFTA, FTAA, OAS, intellectual property rights, and fair trade are discussed as relevant organizations and concepts.
10.4d Remittances: Sending Money Home
- Immigrant workers send remittances home, significantly impacting the economies of some countries.
- Remittances often make up a significant portion of a country's GDP.
- Grandparents caring for working parents' children are mentioned.
10.4e Tourism and Other Services
- Tourism is a key economic factor in the region.
- Oil exports are often more valuable than tourism revenue, but they are highlighted as vital for the region's economy.
Case Study: Cuba
- Cuba's unique history encompasses periods such as its "Special Period,” which are connected to the collapse of the Soviet Union and its effects on Cuba's economic systems.
10.5 Geopolitical Issues
- US interests have significantly shaped Latin America's political and economic systems.
- A Latin American "ideology of fury" is mentioned, signifying resistance to, or pushing against, American influence.
- Historical events like the Monroe Doctrine, Roosevelt Corollary, Cuban Missile Crisis, and US-imposed sanctions are referenced.
10.5b The Panama Canal
- The Panama Canal is a significant waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
- US involvement in its construction is important to understanding economic and political history.
10.5d The Washington Consensus
- Political-economic philosophy aimed at boosting neo-liberalism and bringing prosperity to Latin America.
- Widespread disillusionment with neo-liberal policies followed 9/11.
- The response to this was a push towards trade and free enterprise.
10.6 Regional Issues and Landscapes
- The development of the Amazon Basin, and associated controversies, are examined.
10.6a Middle America: Mexico's Stature
- Mexico's influence in Middle America is emphasized.
- Mexico City’s large population is mentioned, along with its role in the Mexican economy.
10.6b South America: Venezuela's Petroleum Politics
- Venezuela's important oil resources and how they shape its economy and politics are described.
10.6c Brazil: The Stirring Giant
- Brazil's great size and significance as a power in South America is noted.
The Amazon, Its Waters, Forests, Peoples, and Future
- Characteristics of the Amazon Basin and its importance as a global resource, including the significance of its river, forests, indigenous peoples, and its role in mitigating global warming are noted.
- The controversial building of transportation links are noted in context.
1000s of other topics are implied and should be explored from within these notes.
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Description
Explore the diverse geography and demographics of Latin America in this chapter. Learn about the region's countries, urban population distribution, and the impact of elevation on environmental conditions and economic activities. Test your knowledge of climatic zones and biomes in this vibrant area of the world.
