Geography of India: Overview and Physical Features

Study Notes

Geography of India

Introduction

India, officially known as the Republic of India, is a country located primarily in South Asia. India sits on the Indian Plate, the northern part of the Indo-Australian Plate, and has a wide range of climatic zones, from tropical in the south to temperate in the north. The geography of India encompasses various topographical features and is characterized by high mountain ranges, vast plateaus, and expansive river systems.

Geographical Location of India

India is situated north of the equator between 8°4' north (the mainland) to 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' east to 97°25' It covers a total area of 3,287,263 square kilometres (1,269,219 sq mi). The country measures approximately 3,214 km (1,997 mi) from north to south and 2,933 km (1,822 mi) from east to west. India shares land borders with several countries, including Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal, Pakistan, and Myanmar.

Size of India

In terms of geographic size, India ranks seventh in the world, making it one of the largest countries by landmass. Its coastline stretches for about 7,516.6 km (4,670.6 mi), and its territorial waters extend into the sea to a distance of 12 nautical miles from the coast baseline.

States and Union Territories of India

India is divided into 28 states (further subdivided into districts) and 8 union territories. Some of the major states include Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and West Bengal. Each state and union territory has its unique cultural, historical, and linguistic characteristics, contributing to India's rich diversity.

Physical Features of India

The physical features of India are as diverse as its population. In the northern region, the Himalayan mountain range rises, home to the highest point in India—Kangchenjunga, which stands at 8,586 m (28,169 ft). Towards the south, there are vast plains such as the Deccan Plateau, while in the hilly regions, there are forests and mountains like the Western Ghats, the Eastern Ghats, and the Vindhyas.

Description

Explore the geographical location, size, states, union territories, and physical features of India, a diverse country with high mountain ranges, plateaus, and river systems. Learn about its vast landmass, coastal length, and unique cultural diversity.