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Questions and Answers
Who united the areas that are today France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Spain?
What major literary works were written during the Dark Ages?
Which king invaded England and won the Battle of Hastings?
What system was in place during the Middle Ages in Europe instead of strong central governments?
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Who declared the Catholic Church corrupt and initiated the Protestant Reformation?
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What type of technology was invented during the Dark Ages that revolutionized farming?
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Who was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope on Christmas Day?
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What type of government did Charlemagne develop that involved lords ruling lands under the king?
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Who became popular across Europe due to the conversion of Emperor Constantine?
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Who did the Witan council of noblemen crown as king after Edward the Confessor's death?
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Which of the following countries is not part of the British Isles?
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What is the name of the body of water that separates England from France?
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Which of the following countries is not part of the United Kingdom?
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What is a loch?
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Who coined the term "Dark Ages"?
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Which of the following is not a part of the Dark Ages?
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When did the Dark Ages end?
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What was a fief during the High Dark Ages?
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What was the Black Death?
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How many people were killed by the Black Death?
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Which of the following is part of the United Kingdom?
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What type of geography does Wales have?
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What is a loch?
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What body of water separates England from France?
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What was the Black Death?
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During which period did the Black Death occur?
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What was a fief during the High Dark Ages?
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Who coined the term "Dark Ages"?
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What event marked the beginning of the Dark Ages?
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When did the Dark Ages end?
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What was the primary reason for Christianity becoming popular across Europe?
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How did William of Normandy come to power in England?
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What was the main system of governance during the Middle Ages in Europe?
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Who was crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire by the Pope on Christmas Day?
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What role did the Witan council play in the selection of the king after Edward the Confessor's death?
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What major literary works were written during the Dark Ages?
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Which leader is associated with uniting modern-day France, Germany, parts of Italy, Spain, and other regions?
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Study Notes
Geography of the British Isles
- The British Isles comprise Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England.
- England is separated from France by the English Channel, a small body of water connecting the Atlantic Ocean with the North Sea.
- The United Kingdom consists of Northern Ireland, England, Scotland, and Wales, separate from the Republic of Ireland.
- Wales has a mountainous geography, and Scotland is home to many small islands and lochs (lakes).
The Dark Ages
- The term "Dark Ages" was coined by Petrarch, who thought his own time period was inferior to that of the Greeks and Romans.
- The Dark Ages spanned from the fall of the Western Roman Empire to 1453, with the fall of the Eastern Roman Empire.
- The High Dark Ages saw people living in fiefs, where peasants worked for lords in exchange for protection.
- The Black Death, a deadly disease spread by flea-ridden rats, killed 75-200 million people during this period.
- Despite the hardships, the Dark Ages saw the founding of Europe's first universities, great literature (e.g., Beowulf and The Divine Comedy), and innovative farming technology (e.g., windmills).
Christianity in Europe
- Christianity gained popularity across Europe after Emperor Constantine's conversion, leading to the creation of Catholic Christianity and the Pope in the west, and Orthodox Christianity in the east.
- 500 years ago, Martin Luther declared the Catholic Church corrupt, sparking the Protestant Reformation.
- Today, Christianity has declined in Europe.
William the Conqueror
- William of Normandy invaded England after Harold Godwinson's coronation, considering it a broken promise.
- He defeated the English with his strong cavalry force, taking control of England.
- William is remembered as a ruthless leader, earning the nickname "the Conqueror."
Feudalism
- Feudalism was the governance system in medieval Europe, replacing strong central governments.
- People gave kings and lords money and worked in exchange for protection.
- Fiefs were lands given to vassals, who provided loyalty, military service, and produce in return for protection and order.
Charlemagne
- Charlemagne was a king who united modern-day France, Germany, Switzerland, the Netherlands, Belgium, and parts of Italy and Spain.
- He conquered and converted a significant area of Europe, becoming one of the great leaders in European history.
- Charlemagne developed feudalism, a system where lords ruled lands under the king, and citizens paid to live there.
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Description
Review the lesson summary on the British Isles and the United Kingdom, including the geography of Scotland, Wales, Ireland, and England. Learn about the locations, physical features, and distinctions between these regions.
