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Questions and Answers
What is the primary process responsible for the formation of volcanic arcs?
What is the primary process responsible for the formation of volcanic arcs?
- Oceanic crust subduction (correct)
- Continental collision
- Seafloor spreading
- Block faulting
What is the term for the process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges?
What is the term for the process by which new oceanic crust is created at mid-ocean ridges?
- Subduction
- Transform faulting
- Continental drift
- Seafloor spreading (correct)
What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is formed by lava flows?
What type of volcano is characterized by a gently sloping shape and is formed by lava flows?
- Cinder cone
- Composite volcano
- Caldera
- Shield volcano (correct)
What is the term for the wearing away of the coastline by waves and tides?
What is the term for the wearing away of the coastline by waves and tides?
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What is the primary factor contributing to the formation of deserts?
What is the primary factor contributing to the formation of deserts?
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What is the term for areas of eroded sedimentary rock in desert landscapes?
What is the term for areas of eroded sedimentary rock in desert landscapes?
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Study Notes
Mountain Formation
- Types of Mountain Building:
- Volcanic Arcs: formed when oceanic crust subducts beneath continental crust, resulting in volcanic activity
- Continental Collision: formed when two continental plates collide, resulting in folding and uplift
- Block Faulting: formed when large blocks of the Earth's crust are uplifted or down-dropped along faults
- Mountain Building Processes:
- Folding: bending of the Earth's crust due to tectonic forces
- Faulting: breaking of the Earth's crust along faults
- Volcanic Activity: eruption of magma and lava
Plate Tectonics
- Theory: the Earth's lithosphere is broken into large plates that move relative to each other
- Types of Plate Boundaries:
- Divergent: plates moving apart, resulting in new crust formation
- Convergent: plates moving towards each other, resulting in subduction or collision
- Transform: plates sliding past each other horizontally
- Plate Tectonics Processes:
- Seafloor Spreading: creation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges
- Subduction: one plate is forced beneath another
Volcanic Landforms
- Types of Volcanoes:
- Shield Volcanoes: gently sloping, broad volcanoes formed by lava flows
- Composite Volcanoes: tall, conical volcanoes formed by alternating layers of lava and ash
- Cinder Cones: small, steep-sided volcanoes formed by ash accumulation
- Volcanic Features:
- Calderas: large depressions formed by volcanic collapse
- Lava Tubes: natural tunnels formed by lava flows
Coastal Features
- Types of Coastlines:
- Submergent: coastlines formed by sea level rise or land subsidence
- Emergegent: coastlines formed by sea level fall or land uplift
- Coastal Processes:
- Erosion: wear away of the coastline by waves and tides
- Deposition: accumulation of sediment along the coastline
- Coastal Landforms:
- Headlands: rocky outcrops at the edge of the sea
- Bays: curved inlets of the sea
Desert Landscapes
- Desert Formation:
- Aridity: low rainfall and high evaporation rates
- Wind Erosion: removal of sediment by wind
- Desert Landforms:
- Dunes: ridges of sand formed by wind deposition
- Playas: dry lake beds formed by evaporation
- Badlands: areas of eroded sedimentary rock
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