Geography: Human, Population & Cartography

• The question paper consists of 75 questions.
• All questions will be based on Subject-Specific Knowledge.
• All questions are compulsory.
• Questions will be Bilingual (English/Hindi).

Human Geography

• Human Geography includes definition, nature, major subfields, and contemporary relevance.
• Space and Society involves cultural regions, race, religion, and language.
• Population covers population growth and demographic transition theory.
• World Population includes distribution and composition (age, gender and literacy).
• Settlements include types and patterns of rural settlements, classification of urban settlements, and trends and patterns of world urbanization.

General Cartography

• Maps involve types, elements, and uses.
• Map Scale includes types and application, as well as reading distances on a map.
• Map Projections cover criteria for choice of projections, and attributes/properties of: Zenithal Gnomonic Polar Case, Zenithal Stereographic Polar Case, Cylindrical Equal Area, Mercator's Projection, Conical Projection with Two Standard Parallel, and Bonne's Projection.
• Representation of Data involves symbols, dots, choropleth, isopleth, and flow diagrams, in addition to interpretation of thematic maps.

Environmental Geography

• Environmental Geography involves concepts and approaches, namely ecosystem (concept and structure) and ecosystem functions.
• Human-Environment Relationship occurs in equatorial, desert, mountain, and coastal regions.
• Environmental Problems and Management include air pollution, biodiversity loss, and solid and liquid waste.
• Environmental Programmes and Policies are studied in both developed and developing countries.
• Focus on the New Environmental Policy of India, and Government Initiatives.

Geography of India

• Physical Setting includes location, structure and relief, drainage, and climate.
• Population focuses on size and growth since 1901, population distribution, literacy and sex ratio.
• Settlement System involves rural settlement types and patterns, as well as urban pattern.
• Resource Base entails livestock (cattle and fisheries), power (coal, and hydroelectricity), and minerals (iron ore and bauxite).
• Economy covers agriculture (rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, cotton) and industries (cotton textile, iron-steel, automobile), also Transportation Modes (Road and Rail).

Economic Geography

• Economic Geography includes definition, approaches, and fundamental concepts, as well as patterns of development.
• Locational Theories include Agriculture (Von Thunen) and Industrial (Weber).
• Primary Activities involve intensive subsistence farming, commercial grain farming, plantation, commercial dairy farming, commercial fishing, and mining (iron ore, coal and petroleum).
• Secondary Activities are cotton textile industry, petro-chemical industry, and major manufacturing regions.
• Tertiary and Quaternary Activities involve modes of transportation, patterns of international trade, and information and communication technology industry.

Disaster Management

• Disaster Management include hazards, risk, vulnerability and disasters: definition and concepts.
• Disasters in India (a) have causes, impact, distribution and mapping related to flood, landslide, and drought.
• Disasters in India (b) have causes, impact, distribution and mapping related to earthquake, tsunami and cyclone.
• Human induced disasters cover causes, impact, distribution and mapping.
• Response and Mitigation to Disasters includes mitigation and preparedness, NDMA and NIDM; Indigenous Knowledge and Community-Based Disaster Management; Do's and Don'ts during disasters.

Geography of Tourism

• Geography of Tourism involves concepts, nature and scope; inter-relationships of tourism, recreation and leisure; Geographical Parameters of Tourism by Robinson.
• Type of Tourism includes nature tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism, and pilgrimage.
• Recent Trends of Tourism include international and regional; domestic (India); Eco-Tourism, Sustainable Tourism, Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE).
• Impact of Tourism encompasses economy, environment, and society.
• Tourism in India includes tourism infrastructure; case studies of Himalaya, Desert and Coastal and heritage; National Tourism Policy.

Sustainability and Development

• Sustainability is defined by its definition, components and sustainability for development.
• The Millennium Development Goals include national strategies and international experiences.
• Sustainable Development explains the need and examples from different ecosystems.
• Inclusive Development involves education, health, and climate change; the role of higher education in sustainability; the human right to health; poverty and disease; sustainable livelihood model; policies and global cooperation for climate change.
• Sustainable Development Policies and Programmes include Rio+20; Goal-Based Development; Financing for Sustainable Development; Principles of Good Governance; National Environmental Policy, CDM.