Geography Class 12 Quiz

Subject: Geography (Class 12)

Exam Type: Written (only question paper), Practical
Total Marks: 70 (written), 30 (practical)
Marks Distribution: Written: 35, Practical: 35, Total: 70

Unit 1: Fundamental Principles of Human Geography

Chapter 1: Human Geography – Nature and Scope (humanization of nature and naturalization of humans, areas and sub-areas of human geography).
Chapter 2: World Population – Distribution, Density, and Growth (population distribution patterns, population density, factors influencing population distribution, population growth, population change components, demographic transition, population control strategies).

Unit 2: Human Development

Chapter 3: Human Development (concept, growth and development, four pillars of human development, approaches to human development, measuring human development, international comparisons).
Chapter 4: Primary Activities (hunting and gathering, pastoralism, agriculture, subsistence agriculture, modern agriculture, plantation, extensive commercial cereals, mixed, dairy Mediterranean, market gardening, horticulture, cooperative farming, collective farming, people engaged in agricultural activities, mining, factors and methods).

Unit 3: Secondary Activities

Chapter 5: Secondary Activities (manufacturing, characteristics of manufacturing, specialization of skills and production methods, technological innovation, organizational structure and stratification, irregular geographical distribution, market accessibility, classification of manufacturing industries—based on size, raw materials, production / product, ownership, high-tech industries, concepts of high-technology sector).

Unit 4: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities (types of tertiary activities, trade and commerce, transportation, factors affecting transportation, communication services, telecommunication, services, people involved in tertiary activities, selected examples – tourism, tourist regions, tourist attractions, health services for overseas patients in India, quaternary activities, quinary activities, outsourcing, digital divide).

Unit 5: Transportation and Communication

Chapter 7: Transportation and Communication (transportation, modes of transportation, road transportation, highways, border roads, railways, transcontinental railways, water transportation, sea routes, important sea routes, inland waterways, air transportation, transcontinental air routes, pipelines, communication, satellite communication, cyberspace—Internet).

Unit 6: International Trade

Chapter 8: International Trade (history of international trade, basis of international trade, balance of trade, types of international trade, free trade conditions, World Trade Organization, issues related to international trade, ports as gateways to international trade, ports and types of ports).

Unit 7: India - People and Economy

Chapter 1 (Unit 1): Population – Distribution, Density, Growth, and Composition (population distribution, density, growth, regional variations in population growth, population composition, linguistic composition, religious composition, working population composition, Beti bachao beti padhao social campaign).
Chapter 2 (Unit 2): Human Settlements (types and distribution of rural settlements, urban settlements and types, urban development in India, urbanization of cities, functional classification of cities, Smart City Mission).
Chapter 3 (Unit 3): Land Resources and Agriculture (land use classification, land use changes in India, common property resources, agricultural land use in India, cropping seasons in India, types of agriculture, food crops – wheat, rice, millets, maize, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops—cotton, jute, other crops – sugarcane, tea, coffee, agricultural development in India, increase in agricultural production and technology, problems of Indian agriculture).
Chapter 4 (Unit 3): Water Resources (water resources of India, surface water resources, groundwater resources, lagoons and backwaters, water demand and usage, potential water problems, degradation of water quality, water conservation and management, water pollution control, water recycling and reuse, water shed management, rainwater harvesting).
Chapter 5 (Unit 3): Mineral and Energy Resources (types of mineral resources, distribution, iron ores, manganese, non-ferrous minerals, bauxite, copper, non-metallic minerals, mica, energy resources, coal, petroleum, natural gas, non-conventional energy sources, nuclear energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal or wave energy, geothermal energy, bio-energy, conservation of mineral resources).

Unit 8-14: (Includes Planning, Sustainable Development, Transportation, Communication, International Trade, Environmental Issues.)

Unit 9: Planning and Sustainable Development

(Focus on different contexts of planning and sustainable development in India. Case studies possible, like specific regional development programs).

Practical Section

Chapter 1: Data—Sources and Collection (primary, secondary, and other sources, tabulation of data, classification, ogive, frequency polygons).
Chapter 2: Processing of Data (measures of central tendency, mean, median, mode, and their comparison).
Chapter 3: Graphical Representation of Data (construction of charts, bar graphs, diagrams, and flowcharts, thematic maps based on topics, point maps, choropleth and isopleth maps).
Chapter 4: Geographic Information System (GIS) (GIS components, software, spatial data formats, raster and vector data, GIS operations/processes sequence).

Marks and Time Allotment Details

Marks for External Evaluation: 15
Written Exam (External): 4 questions out of 6
Oral/Practical Exam: Practice Workbook, Model Charts
Marks for Internal Evaluation: 15
(Includes Model/Charts, Practical Workbook, and Oral/Discussion component)
Mark Distribution: Detailed marks distribution is given for specific sections like maps, charts, etc.