AP Human Geography Chapter 2: Population

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Questions and Answers

What are the 4 regions that occupy 2/3 of the world's inhabitants? (Select all that apply)

Europe (correct)

East Asia (correct)

South Asia (correct)

Southeast Asia (correct)

What is ecumene?

A portion of Earth's surface that is permanently occupied by human settlements.

What are the 4 lands that are sparsely populated on Earth?

Wet lands, Dry lands, High lands, Cold lands.

Define arithmetic density.

The number of people (objects) in an area of land (population/land area). Signup and view all the answers

Define physiological density.

The amount of people per unit of arable land. Signup and view all the answers

Define agricultural density.

A ratio of the amount of arable land to the amount of farmers. Signup and view all the answers

Define crude birth rate (CBR).

The amount of live births in a year per 1000 people. Signup and view all the answers

Define crude death rate (CDR).

The amount of deaths in a year per 1000 people. Signup and view all the answers

What is the current natural increase rate (NIR)?

1.2% Signup and view all the answers

What is the current world population growth in terms of annual addition?

82 million people are added annually. Signup and view all the answers

Define doubling time.

The number of years needed to double a population. Signup and view all the answers

What does Total Fertility Rate (TFR) indicate?

An approximate amount of children a woman will have in her child-bearing years. Signup and view all the answers

What is the global average TFR?

2.5 Signup and view all the answers

Define infant mortality rate (IMR).

<h1>of deaths of infants under 1 year old compared to the number of live infants.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of life expectancy?

Measure of average number of years a person can expect to live, at current mortality levels. Signup and view all the answers

Define population pyramid.

A graphical representation of a country's population structure in age cohorts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the dependency ratio?

<h1>of people who are too old or too young to work.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sex ratio?

Amount of males per 100 females in the population. Signup and view all the answers

What types of countries are likely to have more males than females?

Many Asian countries are likely to have more males. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between CBR and TFR, which is more accurate?

TFR is more accurate because it reflects average children a woman will have, while CBR could include non-reproductive groups. Signup and view all the answers

In which type of countries is CDR lower and why?

Developed countries have lower CDR due to better healthcare systems. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Demographic Transition Model?

The change of a society's population over time. Signup and view all the answers

Describe Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model.

High CBR, high CDR, basically no NIR. Signup and view all the answers

What is the influence of China and India on future prospects for global overpopulation?

They encompass 1/3 of the world's population and have different family planning programs. Signup and view all the answers

What are two ways to reduce birth rates?

Education and healthcare. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Population Distribution

Four major regions occupy 2/3 of the world's population: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe.

Ecumene vs. Non-Ecumene

Ecumene refers to areas of Earth's surface permanently settled by humans.
Non-ecumene consists of areas not permanently inhabited due to harsh conditions unsuitable for agriculture.

Sparsely Populated Areas

Sparsely populated regions include wet lands, dry lands, high lands, and cold lands.

Density Measurements

Arithmetic Density: Total population divided by land area.
Physiological Density: Population per unit of arable land.
Agricultural Density: Ratio of arable land to the number of farmers, lower in developed countries due to advances in technology.

Population Metrics

Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
Crude Death Rate (CDR): Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
Net Increase Rate (NIR): Percentage of population growth in a year.

Current NIR Trends

Current NIR stands at 1.2%, peaking in 1963 due to the baby boom.
Annually, approximately 82 million people are added to the global population.

Doubling Time and Growth Regions

Doubling time indicates years required to double a population.
Most population growth occurs in developing countries.

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

Total Fertility Rate estimates the number of children a woman will have during her child-bearing years.
Global average TFR is 2.5; sub-Saharan Africa has a TFR of 5, while Europe has a TFR of 2.

Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy

Infant Mortality Rate measures deaths of infants under one year per number of live births.
Life Expectancy reflects the average expected lifespan based on current mortality levels; developed countries exhibit lower IMRs compared to developing nations.

Population Pyramid and Dependency Ratio

Population Pyramid illustrates a country's population structure grouped into five-year cohorts.
Dependency Ratio quantifies individuals too young (0-14) or too old (65+) to work.

Sex Ratio

Defines the number of males for every 100 females in a population, often skewed in certain regions.

Male Dominance in Certain Countries

Many Asian countries show a higher male population due to a cultural preference for male children and practices like selective abortions of female fetuses.

CBR vs. TFR

TFR offers a precise average of total children a woman will bear, while CBR reflects live births per 1,000 of any population group, which can include non-reproductive individuals.

CDR Variances

Crude Death Rate is lower in developing countries due to younger life expectancy while in developed nations, deaths are more evenly distributed across age groups.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

DTM describes population changes over time, through five distinct stages from low growth (Stage 1) to negative growth (Stage 5).

Stages of the DTM

Stage 1: Characterized by high birth and death rates, resulting in negligible population growth.
Stage 2: High birth rates and declining death rates lead to significant population increases.
Stage 3: Birth rates decline rapidly, dead rates also drop, resulting in lower growth rates.
Stage 4: Modern states exhibit low birth and death rates with zero population growth.
Stage 5: Features very low birth rates alongside low death rates, indicating potential population decline.

Influence of China and India

Together, China and India account for one-third of global population; differing family planning initiatives impact growth.
India is projected to surpass China by 2030 due to higher annual increases of approximately 12 million.

Reducing Birth Rates

Two effective strategies for lowering birth rates include improving education and healthcare access for women.

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Description

Explore key concepts from AP Human Geography Chapter 2 related to population density and distribution. This quiz focuses on understanding the four major population regions and terms like ecumene and non-ecumene. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of human geography!