Questions and Answers
What are the 4 regions that occupy 2/3 of the world's inhabitants? (Select all that apply)
What is ecumene?
A portion of Earth's surface that is permanently occupied by human settlements.
What are the 4 lands that are sparsely populated on Earth?
Wet lands, Dry lands, High lands, Cold lands.
Define arithmetic density.
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Define physiological density.
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Define agricultural density.
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Define crude birth rate (CBR).
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Define crude death rate (CDR).
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What is the current natural increase rate (NIR)?
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What is the current world population growth in terms of annual addition?
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Define doubling time.
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What does Total Fertility Rate (TFR) indicate?
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What is the global average TFR?
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Define infant mortality rate (IMR).
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What is the definition of life expectancy?
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Define population pyramid.
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What is the dependency ratio?
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What is the sex ratio?
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What types of countries are likely to have more males than females?
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What is the difference between CBR and TFR, which is more accurate?
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In which type of countries is CDR lower and why?
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What is the Demographic Transition Model?
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Describe Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model.
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What is the influence of China and India on future prospects for global overpopulation?
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What are two ways to reduce birth rates?
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Study Notes
Population Distribution
- Four major regions occupy 2/3 of the world's population: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe.
Ecumene vs. Non-Ecumene
- Ecumene refers to areas of Earth's surface permanently settled by humans.
- Non-ecumene consists of areas not permanently inhabited due to harsh conditions unsuitable for agriculture.
Sparsely Populated Areas
- Sparsely populated regions include wet lands, dry lands, high lands, and cold lands.
Density Measurements
- Arithmetic Density: Total population divided by land area.
- Physiological Density: Population per unit of arable land.
- Agricultural Density: Ratio of arable land to the number of farmers, lower in developed countries due to advances in technology.
Population Metrics
- Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Number of live births per 1,000 people per year.
- Crude Death Rate (CDR): Number of deaths per 1,000 people per year.
- Net Increase Rate (NIR): Percentage of population growth in a year.
Current NIR Trends
- Current NIR stands at 1.2%, peaking in 1963 due to the baby boom.
- Annually, approximately 82 million people are added to the global population.
Doubling Time and Growth Regions
- Doubling time indicates years required to double a population.
- Most population growth occurs in developing countries.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
- Total Fertility Rate estimates the number of children a woman will have during her child-bearing years.
- Global average TFR is 2.5; sub-Saharan Africa has a TFR of 5, while Europe has a TFR of 2.
Infant Mortality Rate and Life Expectancy
- Infant Mortality Rate measures deaths of infants under one year per number of live births.
- Life Expectancy reflects the average expected lifespan based on current mortality levels; developed countries exhibit lower IMRs compared to developing nations.
Population Pyramid and Dependency Ratio
- Population Pyramid illustrates a country's population structure grouped into five-year cohorts.
- Dependency Ratio quantifies individuals too young (0-14) or too old (65+) to work.
Sex Ratio
- Defines the number of males for every 100 females in a population, often skewed in certain regions.
Male Dominance in Certain Countries
- Many Asian countries show a higher male population due to a cultural preference for male children and practices like selective abortions of female fetuses.
CBR vs. TFR
- TFR offers a precise average of total children a woman will bear, while CBR reflects live births per 1,000 of any population group, which can include non-reproductive individuals.
CDR Variances
- Crude Death Rate is lower in developing countries due to younger life expectancy while in developed nations, deaths are more evenly distributed across age groups.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
- DTM describes population changes over time, through five distinct stages from low growth (Stage 1) to negative growth (Stage 5).
Stages of the DTM
- Stage 1: Characterized by high birth and death rates, resulting in negligible population growth.
- Stage 2: High birth rates and declining death rates lead to significant population increases.
- Stage 3: Birth rates decline rapidly, dead rates also drop, resulting in lower growth rates.
- Stage 4: Modern states exhibit low birth and death rates with zero population growth.
- Stage 5: Features very low birth rates alongside low death rates, indicating potential population decline.
Influence of China and India
- Together, China and India account for one-third of global population; differing family planning initiatives impact growth.
- India is projected to surpass China by 2030 due to higher annual increases of approximately 12 million.
Reducing Birth Rates
- Two effective strategies for lowering birth rates include improving education and healthcare access for women.
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Description
Explore key concepts from AP Human Geography Chapter 2 related to population density and distribution. This quiz focuses on understanding the four major population regions and terms like ecumene and non-ecumene. Test your knowledge and enhance your understanding of human geography!