Geography Chapter: Regional Patterns & Diffusion

Relocation involves a physical entity moving across space, whereas diffusion refers to a characteristic spreading from one place to another.

Distance decay results in diminishing contact and influence between two places as the distance increases.

Interregional migration could be moving from one state to another, while intraregional migration may involve relocating within the same city.

<p>Tobler's First Law of Geography states that everything is related to everything else, but closer things tend to have more interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A formal region is a uniform or homogeneous area where one or more characteristics are shared throughout.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mini-system is a society with a single cultural base and a reciprocal social economy, operating independently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Medieval Catholic Church promoted the idea that humans are separate from and superior to nature, valuing it mainly for its usefulness to humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An indulgence is a remission of the punishment of sin granted by a priest, sometimes coupled with acts like good works or prayer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The church became a moneymaking enterprise where paying more money could absolve greater sins from purgatory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immaturity is the incapacity to use one's intelligence without guidance from another, caused by a lack of determination and courage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The notion that humans are created in the image of a transcendent God, radically separating them from nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dominion thesis asserts that humans have control over nature and should use it as they wish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>God blessed humans to 'be fruitful, multiply, and subdue' the earth, granting them dominion over living things.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that individuals are passive bearers of culture, influenced by internal laws and workings beyond their control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cultures are seen as homogeneous groupings where members share a common worldview and conform to a singular set of traits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals are seen as causal agents who influence and shape the world alongside broader social, political, and economic processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sauer's maxim highlights the interrelationship between culture as the driving force, nature as a medium, and the resulting cultural landscape that emerges from their interaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The article argues that future conflicts will be driven more by cultural and civilizational identities rather than ideological or economic reasons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Church's influence led to changed family structures, shifting from kinship systems to nuclear families, and established regulated societal hierarchies based on power and wealth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WEIRD stands for Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic, characterized by individualism, self-obsession, guilt, and analytical thinking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White argues that Judeo-Christian beliefs fostered an anthropocentric perspective that promotes human superiority and the view that nature exists solely for human use.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature is viewed as separate from and inferior to humans, holding value only for its usefulness to humanity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Societal hierarchies became moralized and regulated, impacting the flow of power and resources amongst elites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>WEIRD societies are highly individualistic and self-focused, whereas traditional societies tend to prioritize group and kinship values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crude birth rate = (number of live births in a year/population size) x 1000. It is multiplied by 1000 to represent the number of births per 1,000 people in the population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Medical technology diffusion has reduced diseases in LDCs, and MDCs have a higher proportion of older populations with higher mortality rates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural increase rate = (Birth rate – death rate) / 1000. LDCs typically have a higher natural increase rate due to higher birth rates, often exceeding 2%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mean years of schooling for those aged 25 years and older, and expected years of schooling for children entering school age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MDCs tend to allocate most of their wealth to social services like education, leading to a more economically productive population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The removal of substantial unfreedoms is constitutive of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fair and sustainable socio-economic development, cultural conservation, environmental protection, and good governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epistemicide refers to the systematic destruction of indigenous knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He argues it is top-down, ethnocentric, and technocratic, leading to underdevelopment and oppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It translates to 'The health and welfare of the people should be the supreme law.'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It primarily measures gross national income per capita.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The HDI uses a logarithm of income to reflect the diminishing importance of income with increasing GNI.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The MDGs aimed to address global issues like poverty and hunger by the year 2015.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A key criticism is that progress was uneven and not sufficiently inclusive of diverse social groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are also known as 'Agenda 2030'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure), and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) have shown rapid progress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) has stalled.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>COVID-19 has negatively affected several SDGs, particularly SDG 1 (No Poverty) and SDG 2 (Zero Hunger).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development is defined as a process of growth or improvement involving changes from one condition to another, utilizing both human and natural resources effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regions fall along a continuum from economies of agriculture to economies of technology, indicating their level of development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Challenges include the reliance on economic measurements, which may not capture the full complexity of human well-being and capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HDI measures a nation's health, education, and standard of living as indicators of overall human development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life expectancy varies significantly based on development, with more developed countries typically reporting higher life expectancies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some regions are less developed due to limited access to global markets, insufficient infrastructure, and a higher reliance on agriculture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, regions can be over-developed when rapid growth leads to unsustainable resource use and negative social impacts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, more developed countries can help less developed ones by offering resources, knowledge, and connections to global economies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Common indicators include Gross National Income (GNI), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and energy consumption per capita.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant mortality rate reflects healthcare quality, socio-economic conditions, and overall development in a region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key dimensions are equity, social cohesion, sustainability, empowerment, and capabilities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buen Vivir focuses on holistic well-being and communal harmony rather than just economic metrics like GDP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The implication suggests that repeating ineffective methods in development may be irrational, leading to poor outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Capital's empire mirrors a historical hierarchy, with the U.S. at the top exercising nuclear supremacy, G7 corporations as aristocrats, and the internet providing a democratic function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It signifies disparities in economic progress and prosperity among member states, impacting social and economic cohesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>International development aid provides financial resources crucial for the economic, humanitarian, and infrastructural development of recipient countries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empowerment in Buen Vivir involves enabling communities to actively participate in their development and decision-making processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social cohesion is addressed by promoting inclusivity and mutual support within communities, fostering collective well-being.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may become overly broad, serving everyone's interests without addressing specific needs, leading to a lack of actionable outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Addressing the sustainability paradox is crucial to ensure that economic growth doesn't compromise environmental and social goals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A human development framework emphasizes building people's capabilities and well-being rather than viewing them only as productive resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Blaut's perspective critiques traditional development theory as Eurocentric, arguing that it overlooks diverse cultural contexts in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Political attention is essential for implementing structural changes and ensuring that SDGs are actively pursued and enforced.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDCs have higher natural increase rates due to higher crude birth rates and lower death rates, which result from lower access to healthcare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two indicators are the mean years of schooling for those aged 25 and older and the expected years of schooling for children entering school.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MDCs allocate more wealth towards social services like education and healthcare, resulting in a more economically productive population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both LDCs and MDCs have low crude birth rates due to medical technology diffusion that reduces diseases and an increasing older population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The natural increase rate is calculated using the formula (Birth rate - Death rate) / 1000, indicating how quickly a population is growing or declining.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It emphasizes the removal of unfreedoms that limit individuals' choices and opportunities, allowing them to exercise their agency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He argues that they are top-down, ethnocentric, and technocratic, resulting in underdevelopment and oppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The SDGs are broader in scope, addressing a wider array of social, economic, and environmental issues while emphasizing inclusivity and sustainability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Personal security is essential for enabling individuals to pursue opportunities and make choices without fear of violence or oppression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Salus populi suprema lex esto' means 'The welfare of the people shall be the supreme law,' emphasizing the importance of prioritizing people's well-being in development efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are health, education, and standard of living.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>MDCs must maintain a high level of development in a globalized economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher life expectancy typically indicates higher development, reflecting better health and living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDCs can take advantage of local diversity in skills and resources to connect with the global economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>GNI measures the total income earned by a nation's residents, including inflows from abroad, while GDP measures the total value of goods produced within a country's borders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Over-development can lead to environmental degradation and social inequality.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The infant mortality rate indicates the health status of a population and reflects the quality of healthcare and living conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rostow's model proposes that economies progress through a series of stages from traditional to modern economic systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher energy consumption per capita generally indicates more industrialization and economic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>LDCs must find connections to the global economy while overcoming their developmental barriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The key dimensions are equity, social cohesion, sustainability, empowerment, capabilities, and livelihood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Buen Vivir emphasizes community well-being and environmental sustainability, rather than solely economic growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Einstein's quote suggests that repeating the same ineffective development practices may be irrational.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transnational corporations are likened to aristocratic functions, exerting significant economic power.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One consequence is the disparity in economic opportunities and quality of life among different geographic areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Empowering local communities fosters self-determination and participatory decision-making in development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The philosophy advocates for an aid approach that is equitable, sustainable, and respectful of local cultures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The internet serves as the democratic pillar, facilitating communication and organization among global players.</p> Signup and view all the answers