Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: CH 4.2 SUM Lithosphere

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Questions and Answers

What is the inner core of the Earth primarily composed of?

  • Silicate minerals
  • Iron and nickel (correct)
  • Water and gas
  • Rocks and minerals

What is the lithosphere part of?

  • Geosphere (correct)
  • Atmosphere
  • Biosphere
  • Hydrosphere

What is the term for the solid part of the Earth?

  • Lithosphere
  • Core
  • Geosphere (correct)
  • Mantle

Which of the following is NOT a part of the Earth's crust?

<p>Core (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of breaking down of rocks on the Earth's surface?

<p>Weathering (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the makeup or constitution of a substance?

<p>Composition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments?

<p>Sedimentary Rock (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment?

<p>Sedimentation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outermost layer of the Earth?

<p>Crust (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the rigid outer layer of the Earth?

<p>Lithosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rigid outer part of the Earth?

<p>Lithosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transforming solid rock into molten rock?

<p>Melting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of stone found in the lithosphere?

<p>Water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of transforming molten rock into solid rock?

<p>Solidify (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer beneath the crust?

<p>Mantle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of pressing sediments together under their own weight?

<p>Compaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost part of the Earth?

<p>Core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

<p>Crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock is formed from existing sedimentary or igneous rocks that undergo changes due to heat and pressure?

<p>Metamorphic Rock (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main components of the Earth's structure?

<p>Crust, Mantle, Core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high temperatures and pressures on existing rocks?

<p>Physical and chemical changes in the rock's structure and composition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of rocks can be formed beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Igneous rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind the rock cycle?

<p>Plate tectonics and the movement of water and wind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rocks when they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures?

<p>They become more dense and compact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

<p>They have small crystals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Formation of large crystals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

<p>They have been transformed from their original state and often have a more compact and crystalline structure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

<p>Metamorphic rocks or magma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of igneous rocks?

<p>They can be formed beneath the Earth's surface or on the surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the rock cycle?

<p>Rocks of all types can be broken down into sediments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lithosphere composed of?

<p>The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the solid part of the Earth?

<p>Geosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of crust that make up the Earth's crust?

<p>Continental crust and oceanic crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that lies beneath the crust?

<p>Mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Earth's crust?

<p>It is the thin, outermost layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the layer that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

<p>Crust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Earth's core?

<p>It is the liquid outer core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the makeup or constitution of a substance referred to as?

<p>Composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the examples of stone found in the lithosphere?

<p>Sand, pebbles, stones, and large boulders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Earth composed of?

<p>Concentric layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

<p>Their crystal size (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the continuous rock cycle?

<p>Plate tectonics and the movement of water and wind (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to rocks when they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures?

<p>They undergo physical and chemical changes, becoming more dense and compact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rocks can be formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

<p>Igneous rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

<p>They have a more compact and crystalline structure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

<p>Metamorphic rocks or melted into magma to form igneous rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Large crystals form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to geological processes?

<p>To facilitate plate tectonics and geological activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

<p>They have small crystals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process transforms sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?

<p>Heat and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the continuous nature of the rock cycle?

<p>It is a circular process with no real beginning or end (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen to rocks of all types?

<p>They can be broken down into sediments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the rock cycle process?

<p>The transformation of rocks into different forms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of studying the lithosphere?

<p>To appreciate and manage our natural environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are sedimentary rocks formed?

<p>Through the compaction and cementation of sediments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the geosphere and other Earth spheres?

<p>The geosphere interacts with other spheres to create a dynamic system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

<p>They are often layered and may contain fossils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that transforms solid rock into molten rock?

<p>Melting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the deposition process?

<p>The formation of sedimentary rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rock can be formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

<p>Igneous rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the lithosphere in the Earth's system?

<p>To facilitate the exchange of materials and energy between the geosphere and other spheres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for the transformation of sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?

<p>Heat and pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the compaction and cementation of sediments?

<p>The formation of sedimentary rocks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the Earth's crust?

<p>It is composed of a variety of rocks and minerals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass?

<p>Cementation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force behind the transformation of rocks from one type to another?

<p>The Earth's internal heat and pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of sedimentary rocks that makes them susceptible to erosion?

<p>Their softness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the interaction between the geosphere and the hydrosphere?

<p>The recycling of materials and energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to ecosystems?

<p>To provide resources such as minerals and fossil fuels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks that distinguishes them from other rock types?

<p>Their transformation due to heat and pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the formation process of metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks?

<p>Physical and chemical changes in the rock's structure and composition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the continuous rock cycle?

<p>Rocks of all types can be broken down and reformed into different types (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Large crystal size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drives the continuous rock cycle?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

<p>Transformation from existing rocks due to heat and pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the cooling and solidification of magma or lava on the Earth's surface?

<p>Igneous rocks with small crystal size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

<p>Either metamorphic or igneous rocks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

<p>Small crystal size (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of high temperatures and pressures on existing rocks?

<p>Transformation into metamorphic rocks (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the rock cycle?

<p>It is a continuous process with no beginning or end (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to other Earth's systems?

<p>To interact closely with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic that distinguishes the lithosphere from the mantle?

<p>Rigidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary component of the Earth's crust?

<p>Continental crust (A), Oceanic crust (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of rock formation that occurs beneath the Earth's surface?

<p>Intrusive igneous formation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Earth's core?

<p>It is divided into two layers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of the Earth that lies beneath the crust?

<p>Mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Earth's crust in terms of its composition?

<p>It is composed of a variety of rocks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of rock transformation that occurs due to heat and pressure?

<p>Metamorphic transformation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the Earth's mantle in terms of its composition?

<p>It is composed of semi-solid rock (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the layer of the Earth that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

<p>Crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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