Gr 9 NATURAL SCIENCES: CH 4.2 SUM Lithosphere
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Questions and Answers

What is the inner core of the Earth primarily composed of?

  • Silicate minerals
  • Iron and nickel (correct)
  • Water and gas
  • Rocks and minerals

    • What is the lithosphere part of?

  • Geosphere (correct)
  • Atmosphere
  • Biosphere
  • Hydrosphere

    • What is the term for the solid part of the Earth?

  • Lithosphere
  • Core
  • Geosphere (correct)
  • Mantle

    • Which of the following is NOT a part of the Earth's crust?

    <p>Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down of rocks on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the makeup or constitution of a substance?

    <p>Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is formed from the compaction and cementation of sediments?

    <p>Sedimentary Rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment?

    <p>Sedimentation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outermost layer of the Earth?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the rigid outer layer of the Earth?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rigid outer part of the Earth?

    <p>Lithosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transforming solid rock into molten rock?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of stone found in the lithosphere?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transforming molten rock into solid rock?

    <p>Solidify</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer beneath the crust?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of pressing sediments together under their own weight?

    <p>Compaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the innermost part of the Earth?

    <p>Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock is formed from existing sedimentary or igneous rocks that undergo changes due to heat and pressure?

    <p>Metamorphic Rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main components of the Earth's structure?

    <p>Crust, Mantle, Core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of high temperatures and pressures on existing rocks?

    <p>Physical and chemical changes in the rock's structure and composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of rocks can be formed beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the rock cycle?

    <p>Plate tectonics and the movement of water and wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to rocks when they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures?

    <p>They become more dense and compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

    <p>They have small crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Formation of large crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

    <p>They have been transformed from their original state and often have a more compact and crystalline structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks or magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of igneous rocks?

    <p>They can be formed beneath the Earth's surface or on the surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the rock cycle?

    <p>Rocks of all types can be broken down into sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lithosphere composed of?

    <p>The crust and the uppermost part of the mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the solid part of the Earth?

    <p>Geosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of crust that make up the Earth's crust?

    <p>Continental crust and oceanic crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer that lies beneath the crust?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Earth's crust?

    <p>It is the thin, outermost layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the layer that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Earth's core?

    <p>It is the liquid outer core</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the makeup or constitution of a substance referred to as?

    <p>Composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the examples of stone found in the lithosphere?

    <p>Sand, pebbles, stones, and large boulders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Earth composed of?

    <p>Concentric layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?

    <p>Their crystal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the continuous rock cycle?

    <p>Plate tectonics and the movement of water and wind</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to rocks when they are subjected to high temperatures and pressures?

    <p>They undergo physical and chemical changes, becoming more dense and compact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rocks can be formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

    <p>Igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

    <p>They have a more compact and crystalline structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

    <p>Metamorphic rocks or melted into magma to form igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of slow cooling of magma beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Large crystals form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to geological processes?

    <p>To facilitate plate tectonics and geological activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

    <p>They have small crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process transforms sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the continuous nature of the rock cycle?

    <p>It is a circular process with no real beginning or end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to rocks of all types?

    <p>They can be broken down into sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the outcome of the rock cycle process?

    <p>The transformation of rocks into different forms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of studying the lithosphere?

    <p>To appreciate and manage our natural environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are sedimentary rocks formed?

    <p>Through the compaction and cementation of sediments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the geosphere and other Earth spheres?

    <p>The geosphere interacts with other spheres to create a dynamic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sedimentary rocks?

    <p>They are often layered and may contain fossils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that transforms solid rock into molten rock?

    <p>Melting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the deposition process?

    <p>The formation of sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of rock can be formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

    <p>Igneous rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the lithosphere in the Earth's system?

    <p>To facilitate the exchange of materials and energy between the geosphere and other spheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is responsible for the transformation of sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the compaction and cementation of sediments?

    <p>The formation of sedimentary rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of the Earth's crust?

    <p>It is composed of a variety of rocks and minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue particles of sediment together into one mass?

    <p>Cementation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the driving force behind the transformation of rocks from one type to another?

    <p>The Earth's internal heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of sedimentary rocks that makes them susceptible to erosion?

    <p>Their softness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the interaction between the geosphere and the hydrosphere?

    <p>The recycling of materials and energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to ecosystems?

    <p>To provide resources such as minerals and fossil fuels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks that distinguishes them from other rock types?

    <p>Their transformation due to heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between the formation process of metamorphic rocks and igneous rocks?

    <p>Physical and chemical changes in the rock's structure and composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the continuous rock cycle?

    <p>Rocks of all types can be broken down and reformed into different types</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Large crystal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the continuous rock cycle?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of metamorphic rocks?

    <p>Transformation from existing rocks due to heat and pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cooling and solidification of magma or lava on the Earth's surface?

    <p>Igneous rocks with small crystal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can sedimentary rocks be transformed into?

    <p>Either metamorphic or igneous rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of igneous rocks formed on the surface?

    <p>Small crystal size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of high temperatures and pressures on existing rocks?

    <p>Transformation into metamorphic rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the rock cycle?

    <p>It is a continuous process with no beginning or end</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the lithosphere in relation to other Earth's systems?

    <p>To interact closely with the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic that distinguishes the lithosphere from the mantle?

    <p>Rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of the Earth's crust?

    <p>Continental crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of rock formation that occurs beneath the Earth's surface?

    <p>Intrusive igneous formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Earth's core?

    <p>It is divided into two layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of the Earth that lies beneath the crust?

    <p>Mantle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Earth's crust in terms of its composition?

    <p>It is composed of a variety of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process of rock transformation that occurs due to heat and pressure?

    <p>Metamorphic transformation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the Earth's mantle in terms of its composition?

    <p>It is composed of semi-solid rock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the layer of the Earth that includes both continental crust and oceanic crust?

    <p>Crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

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